Libertarian Party US Presidential Election Results
Overview
Since 1972, there have been 10 different Libertarian Presidential nominees, in 12 elections. (Two candidates were nominated twice.) In 1972, the LP's first Presidential candidate John Hospers received the first and only electoral vote in the party's history when one "faithless elector" voted for him. The first candidate to break the one percent mark was Ed Clark in 1980. This remained the best showing both as a percentage and in raw number of votes until 2012, when Gary Johnson became the first candidate to receive more than one million votes (but just shy of one percent). Running again in 2016, Gary Johnson then beat the previous record by both measures by a wide margin, receiving more than three percent and more than four million votes.
1972 Presidential Election
In 1972, the Libertarian Party was barely organized and was still in its infant stage. The Presidential nominee was John Hospers. The Vice-Presidential nominee was Tonie Nathan. The ticket was only on the ballot in 2 states and received one electoral vote from a faithless elector Roger MacBride in Virginia.
1976 Presidential Election
By 1976, the party had started to organize and was able to mount a more solid campaign for president. The nominee was Roger MacBride, the same faithless elector who voted for John Hospers in the last election. The Vice-Presidential nominee was David Bergland. The pair managed to gain ballot access in 32 states and was able to gain more than 100,000 votes, a milestone for the relatively new political party.
1980 Presidential Election
The 1980 Presidential Election was another major milestone for the Libertarian Party. The Party nominated Ed Clark for President and David Koch for Vice-President. The campaign was largely self-financed and was able to run several national television advertisements. The ticket gained ballot access in all 50 states. In Alaska, the ticket gained 11.66% of the vote.
1984 Presidential Election
At the 1984 National Convention, many Libertarians walked out, leading many to suspect the end of the party was near. As a result of the walkout, David Bergland was nominated for President and Jim Lewis was nominated for Vice-President. The ticket had ballot access in 36 states.
1988 Presidential Election
In a nomination contest that featured candidates with very different backgrounds and styles, and was also seen by some as a choice between presenting a "right" or "left" image, former Congressman Ron Paul was selected over American Indian activist Russell Means as the Presidential nominee for 1988. Andre Marrou, one of the few Libertarians who had been elected to a state legislature, was the Vice-Presidential nominee. The campaign raised over $2,000,000 and was on the ballot in 46 states.
1992 Presidential Election
For the 1992 Election, the previous vice-presidential candidate and former Alaska legislator Andre Marrou was nominated as the Presidential Candidate. Nancy Lord was nominated as the Vice- Presidential Candidate. The ticket gained ballot access in all 50 states.[1]
1996 Presidential Election
Harry Browne was the Presidential nominee in 1996 and his running mate was Jo Jorgensen. Partly due to personal financial support by the candidate, the campaign was able to get on the ballot in all 50 states.
2000 Presidential Election
Harry Browne was re-nominated as the Presidential nominee in 2000 but chose Art Olivier as his running mate. The campaign had some controversy surrounding it after the National Director was found to have worked on the campaign in 1996 before Harry Browne's candidacy had been decided. The campaign nearly got on the ballot in all 50 states again but a split with the Arizona Libertarian Party caused Harry Browne to be replaced on the ticket with another Libertarian.
2004 Presidential Election
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At the 2004 Convention, the Presidential Nomination Election was very close. The race was between Michael Badnarik, Gary Nolan, and Aaron Russo. All three candidates were within 2% of each other for the first two ballots. However, Michael Badnarik made a surprising comeback and won the nomination. In a separate nomination, Richard Campagna was chosen as the vice-presidential nominee. During the election cycle, Badnarik raised over $1,000,000 and ran national television ads on CNN and Fox news. The ticket gained ballot access in 48 states but didn't gain access in New Hampshire or Oklahoma.
2008 Presidential Election
Bob Barr was nominated as the Presidential nominee in 2008 with Wayne Allyn Root nominated as the Vice-Presidential Candidate. The Barr campaign was expected to do very well but due to several factors such as Sarah Palin's nomination as McCain's VP, Ron Paul's dropping of his endorsement of Barr, and the campaign's lack of advertising. The campaign still raised nearly $1.4 million dollars but didn't get as many votes as many Libertarian Leaders felt it could have. The ticket was on the ballot in 44 states. Barr returned thereafter to the Republican Party.
2012 Presidential Election
Gary Johnson, former governor of New Mexico, was nominated in 2012, with Jim Gray as his running mate. The ticket was on the ballot in all but two states, and became the first to receive more than one million votes, and the first to break the record for that measure set 32 years earlier by Ed Clark.
2016 Presidential Election
Gary Johnson was nominated again in 2016, this time with William Weld as his running mate. This was seen by some as the LP's most "credible" national ticket ever, with both candidates being former governors, but others saw the inclusion of Weld as a dilution of the party's brand. For the first time since 2000, the LP had a presidential ticket on the ballot in all 50 states. In an election that was very close between front-runners Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, but with many voters unhappy about that choice, the LP's team achieved a record-breaking three percent of the national vote, receiving the votes of almost 4.5 million people. William Weld was a controversial candidate due to a past broken promise with the Libertarian Party of New York and certain policy positions, particularly on gun control. During the campaign, he stated that "he was here to vouch for Hillary Clinton" causing some Party members to view that as an endorsement of an opponent. In 2019, Weld broke his promise that he would never switch to another party and re-registered with the Republican Party.
Presidential preference primaries
1988
North Dakota
North Dakota held an open primary on June 14th with candidates of all parties on one ballot.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Ron Paul | 985 | 2.25% |
1992
New Hampshire
Held on Feb. 18th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Andre Marrou | 3,388 | 100% | Marrou received 100% of the Libertarian ballot votes(3,219), 99 Republican write-ins, and 70 Democrat write-ins. |
Nebraska
Held on May 12th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Andre Marrou | 32 | 96.97% |
| Write-In | 1 | 3.03% |
California
Held on June 2nd.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Andre Marrou | 15,002 | 99.92% |
| Write-ins | 12 | 0.08% |
1996
New Hampshire
Held on Feb. 20th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 653 | 40.48% | Browne also received 1 write-in vote in the Republican primary. |
| Irwin Schiff | 336 | 20.83% | Schiff also received 1 write-in vote in both the Republican and the Democrat primaries. |
| Write-ins | 624 | 38.69% | 16 different candidates identified with other parties received write-in votes. |
North Dakota
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 147 | 100% |
South Dakota
Held on Feb. 27th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 325 | 65.39% |
| Irwin Schiff | 172 | 34.61% |
Massachusetts
Held on March 5th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 386 | 44.37% |
| No Preference | 237 | 27.24% |
| Rick Tompkins | 111 | 12.76% |
| All Others | 70 | 8.04% |
| Irwin Schiff | 66 | 7.59% |
Illinois
Held on March 19th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 1,278 | 73.96% |
| Irwin Schiff | 9,218 | 36.04% |
California
Held on March 26th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 7,258 | 50.04% |
| Rick Tompkins | 3,400 | 23.44% |
| Irwin Schiff | 2,215 | 15.27% |
| Douglass J. Ohmen | 1,517 | 10.46% |
| Write-ins | 115 | 0.79% |
Nebraska
Held on May 14th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 129 | 84.31% |
| Write-Ins | 24 | 15.69% |
2000
Arizona
Held on Feb. 22nd.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 553 | 77.56% |
| Larry Hines | 97 | 13.60% |
| David Hollist | 63 | 8.84% |
California
California's primary was open to Independents as well as registered Libertarians. Held on March 7th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 20,825 | 62.22% |
| Kip Lee | 4,009 | 11.98% |
| L. Neil Smith | 3,165 | 9.46% |
| Larry Hines | 2,984 | 8.92% |
| Dave Hollist | 2,487 | 7.43% |
Missouri
Held on March 7th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 770 | 53.21% |
| Uncommitted | 365 | 25.22% |
| Larry Hines | 166 | 11.47% |
| David Hollist | 146 | 10.09% |
Nebraska
Held on May 9th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Harry Browne | 140 | 97.22% |
| Write-Ins | 4 | 2.78% |
2004
Missouri
Held on Feb. 3rd.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Nolan | 899 | 45.70% |
| Uncommitted | 746 | 37.93% |
| Ruben Perez | 167 | 8.49% |
| Jeffrey Diket | 155 | 7.88% |
Wisconsin
Held on Feb. 17th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Nolan | 1,491 | 43.22% |
| Michael Badnarik | 1,416 | 41.04% |
| Uninstructed delegates | 404 | 11.71% |
| Write-ins | 139 | 4.03% |
California
Held on March 2nd.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Nolan | 11,885 | 59.19% |
| Aaron Russo | 4,858 | 24.20% |
| Michael Badnarik | 3,335 | 16.61% |
Massachusetts
Held on March 2nd.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Nolan | 292 | 27.97% |
| No Preference | 230 | 22.03% |
| Write-ins | 214 | 20.50% |
| Aaron Russo | 106 | 10.15% |
| Michael Badnarik | 82 | 7.85% |
| Jeffrey Diket | 68 | 6.51% |
| Ruben Perez | 52 | 4.98% |
Nebraska
Held on May 11th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Nolan | 116 | 71.60% |
| Michael Badnarik | 46 | 28.40% |
2008
California
Held on Feb. 5th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Christine Smith | 4,241 | 25.16% |
| Steve Kubby | 2,876 | 17.06% |
| Wayne Root | 2,360 | 14.00% |
| Bob Jackson | 1,486 | 8.81% |
| Barry Hess | 891 | 5.29% |
| George Phillies | 852 | 5.05% |
| Michael P. Jingozian | 774 | 4.59% |
| Robert Milnes | 721 | 4.28% |
| Daniel Imperato | 707 | 4.19% |
| John Finan | 706 | 4.19% |
| Dave Hollist | 678 | 4.02% |
| Alden Link | 565 | 3.35% |
| Leon Ray (write-in) | 1 | 0.01% |
Missouri
Held on Feb. 5th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Uncommitted | 967 | 47.01% |
| Wayne A. Root | 370 | 17.99% |
| Steve Kubby | 196 | 9.53% |
| George Phillies | 163 | 7.92% |
| Dave Hollist | 141 | 6.85% |
| David Imperato | 141 | 6.85% |
| Michael P. Jingozian | 79 | 3.84% |
2012
Missouri
Held on Feb. 7th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| James Ogle | 483 | 52.84% |
| Uncommitted | 431 | 47.16% |
Nebraska
Held on May 15th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Johnson | 97 | 55.43% |
| Lee Wrights | 23 | 13.14% |
| Roger Gar | 18 | 10.29% |
| Carl Person | 14 | 8.00% |
| RJ Harris | 13 | 7.43% |
| Bill Still | 10 | 5.71% |
California
Held on June 5th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Johnson | 6,780 | 49.98% |
| Barbara Joy Waymire | 2,118 | 15.61% |
| Scott Keller | 1,208 | 8.91% |
| R. J. Harris | 670 | 4.94% |
| Bill Still | 670 | 4.94% |
| Roger Gary | 559 | 4.12% |
| James Ogle | 558 | 4.11% |
| Carl Person | 523 | 3.86% |
| Lee Wrights | 479 | 3.53% |
2016
Minnesota
Minnesota is a caucus state. The Libertarian Party of Minnesota held a caucus on March 1st at the same time as those of the two establishment parties.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Johnson | 171 | 76% |
| John McAfee | 26 | 12% |
| Austin Petersen | 17 | 8% |
| Darryl Perry | 4 | 2% |
| Cecil Ince | 2 | 1% |
| Steve Kerbel | 2 | 1% |
| None of the Above | 2 | 1% |
| Marc Allan Feldman | 1 | 0% |
| Shawna Joy Sterling | 1 | 0% |
Missouri
Held on March 15th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Uncommitted | 1,183 | 40.61% |
| Austin Petersen | 854 | 29.32% |
| Steve Kerbel | 401 | 13.77% |
| Marc Allan Feldman | 242 | 8.31% |
| Cecil Ince | 134 | 4.60% |
| Rhett Smith | 99 | 3.4% |
North Carolina
Held on March 15th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Johnson | 2,414 | 41.48% |
| No Preference | 2,067 | 35.52% |
| John Hale | 329 | 5.65% |
| Joy Waymire | 268 | 4.61% |
| Austin Petersen | 189 | 3.25% |
| Darryl Perry | 118 | 2.03% |
| Steve Kerbel | 109 | 1.87% |
| Derrick M. Reid | 74 | 1.27% |
| Cecil Ince | 72 | 1.24% |
| Jack Robinson, Jr. | 70 | 1.20% |
| Marc Feldman | 66 | 1.13% |
| Rhett Smith | 43 | 0.74% |
Nebraska
Held on May 10th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Johnson | 379 | 52.71% |
| Austin Petersen | 135 | 18.78% |
| John McAfee | 123 | 17.11% |
| Marc Feldman | 47 | 6.54% |
| Steve Kerbel | 35 | 4.87% |
Oregon
The Libertarian Party of Oregon was not eligible to participate in state-run primaries and so held a party-run primary by mail-in ballot to be completed on May 27th, the day of the establishment party primaries.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Johnson | 422 | 57% |
| John McAfee | 105 | 14% |
| Merry Susan Nehls | 34 | 5% |
| Austin Petersen (write-in) | 25 | 3% |
| Darryl Perry | 21 | 3% |
| Keenan Dunham | 18 | 2% |
| Derrick M. Reid | 10 | 1% |
| Nathan Norman | 8 | 1% |
| Rhett Smith | 6 | 1% |
| NOTA (write-in) | 2 | 0% |
| Other write-ins | 91 | 12% |
California
Held on June 7th.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Gary Johnson | 19,294 | 61.87% |
| John McAfee | 3,139 | 10.07% |
| Austin Petersen | 1,853 | 5.94% |
| Rhett Smith | 1,531 | 4.91% |
| Joy Waymire | 932 | 2.99% |
| John Hale | 873 | 2.80% |
| Marc Feldman | 867 | 2.78% |
| Jack Robinson, Jr. | 739 | 2.37% |
| Steve Kerbel | 556 | 1.78% |
| Darryl Perry | 521 | 1.67% |
| Derrick M. Reid | 462 | 1.48% |
| Cecil Ince | 417 | 1.34% |
2020
New Hampshire self-funded a ranked-choice primary conducted by mail as well as in-person voting at the state convention on Jan. 11th.
| Candidate | 1st | 2nd | 3rd | Total | Final Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vermin Supreme | 10 | 3 | 13 | 26 | 17.3% |
| Kim Ruff | 6 | 9 | 7 | 22 | 14.7% |
| Jo Jorgensen | 5 | 8 | 4 | 17 | 11.3% |
| None of the Above | 4 | 6 | 3 | 13 | 8.7% |
| Dan "Taxation Is Theft" Behrman | 0 | 6 | 7 | 13 | 8.7% |
| Jacob Hornberger (write-in) | 9 | 0 | 0 | 9 | 6.0% |
| Sam Robb | 1 | 2 | 5 | 8 | 5.3% |
| Mark Whitney (write-in) | 4 | 0 | 2 | 6 | 4.0% |
| Arvin Vohra | 1 | 0 | 5 | 6 | 4.0% |
| Ken Armstrong | 0 | 2 | 3 | 5 | 3.3% |
| Lincoln Chafee (write-in) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2.7% |
| Justin Amash (write-in) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 3 | 2.0% |
| Keenan Wallace Dunham | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | 1.3% |
| Max Abramson | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | nil |
| Straw Poll (write-in) | 1 | 0 | 0 | 1 | nil |
| Joe Bishop-Henchman (write-in) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | nil |
| Thomas Knapp (write-in) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | nil |
| Adam Kokesh (write-in) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | nil |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | nil |
| Exhausted Ballots/Undervotes | 0 | 5 | 5 | 10 | |
| Total | 44 | 44 | 62 | 150 |
| Candidate | 1st | 2nd | Total | Percentage |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| John Phillips | 15 | 6 | 21 | 63.6% |
| None of the Above | 9 | 6 | 15 | 45.5% |
| Spike Cohen (write-in) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6.1% |
| Larry Sharpe (write-in) | 2 | 0 | 2 | 6.1% |
| Ron Paul (write-in) | 1 | 1 | 2 | 6.1% |
| Darryl W Perry (write-in) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.0% |
| Straw Poll (write-in) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.0% |
| Nicholas Sarwark (write-in) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.0% |
| Mark Whitney (write-in) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 3.0% |
| Exhausted Ballots/Undervotes | 11 | 20 | 31 | |
| Total | 44 | 33 | 77 |
Iowa
The Libertarian Party of Iowa conducted their caucuses on February 8, offering in-person caucus locations and an online virtual caucus. Only registered Libertarians were eligible to participate.
| Candidate | Votes | Percentage |
|---|---|---|
| Jacob Hornberger | 133 | 47.3% |
| Lincoln Chafee | 36 | 12.8% |
| Jo Jorgensen | 18 | 6.4% |
| Adam Kokesh | 17 | 6.0% |
| Daniel Behrman | 14 | 5.0% |
| John McAfee | 10 | 3.6% |
| Vermin Supreme | 9 | 3.2% |
| None of the Above | 8 | 2.8% |
| Write In | 8 | 2.8% |
| Sam Robb | 7 | 2.5% |
| Max Abramson | 6 | 2.1% |
| Mark Whitney | 4 | 1.4% |
| Arvin Vohra | 3 | 1.1% |
| Ken Armstrong | 2 | nil |
| Souraya Faas | 2 | nil |
| Benjamin Leder | 1 | nil |
| John Monds | 1 | nil |
| Total | 281 | 100% |
Results by state and candidate
| 1972 John Hospers / Theodora Nathan |
1976 Roger MacBride / David Bergland |
1980 Ed Clark / David Koch |
1984 David Bergland / James Lewis |
1988 Ron Paul / Andre Marrou |
1992 Andre Marrou / Nancy Lord |
1996 Harry Browne / Jo Jorgensen |
2000 Harry Browne / Art Olivier |
2004 Michael Badnarik / Richard Campagna |
2008 Bob Barr / Wayne Allyn Root |
2012 Gary Johnson / Jim Gray |
2016 Gary Johnson / William Weld | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | 1,481 0.13% |
13,318 0.99% |
9,504 0.66% |
8,460 0.61% |
5,737 0.34% |
5,290 0.34% |
5,893 0.35% |
3,529 0.19% |
4,991 0.24% |
12,328 0.59% |
44,467 2.09% | |
| Alaska | 68 0.07% |
6,785 5.49% |
18,479 11.66% |
6,378 3.07% |
5,484 2.74% |
1,378 0.53% |
2,276 0.94% |
2,636 0.92% |
1,675 0.54% |
1,589 0.49% |
7,392 2.46% |
18,725 5.88% |
| Arizona | 7,647 1.03% |
18,784 2.15% |
10,585 1.03% |
13,351 1.14% |
6,759 0.46% |
14,358 1.02% |
*5,775 0.38% |
11,856 0.59% |
12,555 0.55% |
32,100 1.39% |
106,327 4.13% | |
| Arkansas | 8,970 1.07% |
2,221 0.25% |
3,297 0.40% |
1,261 0.13% |
3,076 0.35% |
2,781 0.30% |
2,352 0.22% |
4,776 0.44% |
16,276 1.52% |
29,949 2.65% | ||
| California | 980 0.01% |
56,388 0.72% |
148,390 1.73% |
49,951 0.53% |
70,105 0.71% |
48,139 0.43% |
73,600 0.73% |
45,520 0.42% |
50,165 0.40% |
67,582 0.50% |
143,221 1.10% |
478,500 3.37% |
| Colorado | 1,111 0.12% |
5,338 0.49% |
25,744 2.17% |
11,257 0.87% |
15,482 1.13% |
8,669 0.55% |
12,392 0.82% |
12,799 0.73% |
7,664 0.36% |
10,898 0.45% |
35,545 1.38% |
144,121 5.18% |
| Connecticut | 10 0.00% |
209 0.02% |
8,570 0.61% |
204 0.01% |
14,071 0.97% |
5,391 0.33% |
5,788 0.42% |
3,484 0.24% |
3,367 0.21% |
12,580 0.81% |
48,676 2.96% | |
| Delaware | 34 0.01% |
1,974 0.84% |
268 0.11% |
1,162 0.47% |
935 0.32% |
2,052 0.76% |
774 0.24% |
586 0.16% |
1,109 0.27% |
3,882 0.94% |
14,757 3.34% | |
| D. C. | 274 0.16% |
1,104 0.63% |
279 0.13% |
554 0.29% |
467 0.21% |
588 0.32% |
669 0.33% |
502 0.22% |
2,083 0.71% |
4,906 1.58% | ||
| Florida | 39 0.00% |
103 0.00% |
30,524 0.83% |
754 0.02% |
19,796 0.46% |
15,079 0.28% |
23,965 0.45% |
16,415 0.28% |
11,996 0.16% |
17,218 0.21% |
44,726 0.53% |
207,043 2.20% |
| Georgia | 23 0.00% |
175 0.01% |
15,627 0.98% |
159 0.01% |
8,435 0.47% |
7,110 0.31% |
17,870 0.78% |
36,332 1.40% |
18,387 0.56% |
28,731 0.73% |
45,324 1.16% |
125,306 3.05% |
| Hawaii | 3,923 1.35% |
3,269 1.08% |
2,167 0.65% |
1,999 0.56% |
1,119 0.30% |
2,493 0.69% |
1,477 0.40% |
1,377 0.32% |
1,314 0.29% |
3,840 0.88% |
15,954 3.72% | |
| Idaho | 3,558 1.04% |
8,425 1.93% |
2,823 0.69% |
5,313 1.30% |
1,167 0.24% |
3,325 0.68% |
3,488 0.70% |
3,844 0.64% |
3,658 0.56% |
9,453 1.45% |
28,331 4.10% | |
| Illinois | 46 0.00% |
8,057 0.17% |
38,939 0.82% |
10,086 0.21% |
14,944 0.33% |
9,218 0.18% |
22,548 0.52% |
11,623 0.25% |
32,442 0.62% |
19,642 0.36% |
56,229 1.07% |
209,596 3.79% |
| Indiana | 19,627 0.88% |
6,741 0.30% |
7,936 0.34% |
15,632 0.73% |
15,530 0.71% |
18,058 0.73% |
29,257 1.06% |
50,111 1.91% |
133,993 4.90% | |||
| Iowa | 1,454 0.11% |
13,123 1.00% |
1,844 0.14% |
2,494 0.20% |
1,076 0.08% |
2,315 0.19% |
3,209 0.24% |
2,992 0.20% |
4,590 0.30% |
12,926 0.82% |
59,186 3.78% | |
| Kansas | 3,242 0.34% |
14,470 1.48% |
3,329 0.33% |
12,553 1.26% |
4,314 0.37% |
4,557 0.42% |
4,525 0.42% |
4,013 0.34% |
6,706 0.54% |
20,456 1.76% |
55,406 4.68% | |
| Kentucky | 814 0.07% |
5,531 0.43% |
3 0.00% |
2,118 0.16% |
4,513 0.30% |
4,009 0.29% |
2,896 0.19% |
2,619 0.15% |
5,989 0.33% |
17,063 0.95% |
53,752 2.79% | |
| Louisiana | 3,134 0.25% |
8,240 0.53% |
1,876 0.11% |
4,115 0.25% |
3,155 0.18% |
7,499 0.42% |
2,951 0.17% |
2,781 0.14% |
18,157 0.91% |
37,978 1.87% | ||
| Maine | 1 0.00% |
12 0.00% |
5,119 0.98% |
3 0.00% |
2,700 0.49% |
1,681 0.25% |
2,996 0.49% |
3,074 0.47% |
1,965 0.27% |
251 0.03% |
9,352 1.31% |
38,105 5.09% |
| Maryland | 255 0.02% |
14,192 0.92% |
5,721 0.34% |
6,748 0.39% |
4,715 0.24% |
8,765 0.49% |
5,310 0.26% |
6,094 0.26% |
9,842 0.37% |
30,195 1.12% |
79,605 2.86% | |
| Massachusetts | 43 0.00% |
135 0.01% |
22,038 0.87% |
24,251 0.92% |
9,021 0.32% |
20,426 0.80% |
16,366 0.61% |
15,022 0.52% |
13,189 0.43% |
30,920 0.98% |
138,018 4.15% | |
| Michigan | 54 0.00% |
5,407 0.15% |
41,597 1.06% |
10,055 0.26% |
18,336 0.50% |
10,175 0.24% |
27,670 0.72% |
16,711 0.39% |
10,552 0.22% |
23,716 0.47% |
7,774 0.16% |
172,136 3.59% |
| Minnesota | 35 0.00% |
3,529 0.18% |
31,593 1.54% |
2,996 0.14% |
5,109 0.24% |
3,374 0.14% |
8,271 0.38% |
5,282 0.22% |
4,639 0.16% |
9,174 0.32% |
35,098 1.20% |
112,972 3.84% |
| Mississippi | 2,606 0.34% |
4,702 0.53% |
2,336 0.25% |
3,329 0.36% |
2,154 0.22% |
2,809 0.31% |
2,009 0.20% |
1,793 0.16% |
2,529 0.20% |
6,676 0.52% |
14,435 1.19% | |
| Missouri | 25 0.00% |
179 0.01% |
14,422 0.69% |
434 0.02% |
7,497 0.31% |
10,522 0.49% |
7,436 0.32% |
9,831 0.36% |
11,386 0.39% |
43,151 1.56% |
97,359 3.47% | |
| Montana | 40 0.01% |
9,825 2.70% |
5,185 1.35% |
5,047 1.38% |
986 0.24% |
2,526 0.62% |
1,718 0.42% |
1,733 0.38% |
1,355 0.28% |
14,165 2.93% |
28,037 5.67% | |
| Nebraska | 1,476 0.24% |
9,041 1.41% |
2,079 0.32% |
2,534 0.38% |
1,344 0.18% |
2,792 0.41% |
2,245 0.32% |
2,041 0.26% |
2,740 0.34% |
11,109 1.40% |
38,946 4.61% | |
| Nevada | 1,519 0.75% |
4,358 1.79% |
2,292 0.80% |
3,520 1.01% |
1,835 0.36% |
4,460 0.96% |
3,311 0.54% |
3,176 0.38% |
4,263 0.44% |
10,968 1.08% |
37,384 3.32% | |
| New Hampshire | 142 0.04% |
936 0.28% |
2,064 0.54% |
735 0.19% |
4,502 1.00% |
3,548 0.66% |
4,237 0.85% |
2,757 0.48% |
372 0.05% |
2,217 0.31% |
8,212 1.16% |
30,777 4.20% |
| New Jersey | 89 0.00% |
9,449 0.31% |
20,652 069% |
6,416 0.20% |
8,421 0.27% |
6,822 0.20% |
14,763 0.48% |
6,312 0.20% |
4,514 0.12% |
8,441 0.22% |
21,045 0.58% |
72,477 1.87% |
| New Mexico | 1,110 0.27% |
4,365 0.96% |
4,459 0.87% |
3,268 0.63% |
1,615 0.28% |
2,996 0.54% |
2,058 0.34% |
2,382 0.31% |
2,428 0.29% |
27,788 3.55% |
74,541 9.34% | |
| New York | 6 0.00% |
12,197 0.19% |
52,648 0.85% |
11,949 0.18% |
12,109 0.19% |
13,451 0.19% |
12,220 0.19% |
7,649 0.11% |
11,607 0.16% |
19,596 0.26% |
47,256 0.67% |
176,598 2.29% |
| North Carolina | 2,219 0.13% |
9,677 0.52% |
3,794 0.17% |
1,263 0.06% |
5,171 0.20% |
8,740 0.35% |
12,307 0.42% |
11,731 0.34% |
25,722 0.60% |
44,515 0.99% |
130,126 2.74% | |
| North Dakota | 256 0.09% |
3,743 1.24% |
703 0.23% |
1,315 0.44% |
416 0.14% |
847 0.32% |
660 0.23% |
851 0.27% |
1,354 0.43% |
5,231 1.62% |
21,434 6.22% | |
| Ohio | 8,952 0.22% |
49,033 1.14% |
5,886 0.13% |
11,989 0.27% |
7,252 0.15% |
12,851 0.28% |
13,475 0.29% |
14,676 0.26% |
19,917 0.35% |
49,493 0.89% |
174,498 3.17% | |
| Oklahoma | 13,828 1.20% |
9,066 0.72% |
6,261 0.53% |
4,486 0.32% |
5,505 0.46% |
6,602 0.53% |
83,481 5.75% | |||||
| Oregon | 85 0.01% |
464 0.05% |
25,838 2.19% |
376 0.03% |
14,811 1.23% |
4,277 0.29% |
8,903 0.65% |
7,447 0.49% |
7,260 0.40% |
7,635 0.42% |
24,089 1.35% |
94,231 4.71% |
| Pennsylvania | 8 0.00% |
73 0.00% |
33,263 0.73% |
6,982 0.14% |
12,051 0.27% |
21,477 0.43% |
28,000 0.62% |
11,248 0.23% |
21,185 0.37% |
19,912 0.33% |
49,991 0.87% |
146,715 2.40% |
| Rhode Island | 2 0.00% |
715 0.17% |
2,458 0.59% |
277 0.07% |
825 0.20% |
571 0.13% |
1,109 0.28% |
742 0.18% |
907 0.21% |
1,382 0.29% |
4,388 0.98% |
14,746 3.18% |
| South Carolina | 53 0.01% |
4,807 0.54% |
4,359 0.45% |
4,935 0.50% |
2,719 0.23% |
4,271 0.37% |
4,876 0.35% |
3,608 0.22% |
7,283 0.38% |
16,321 0.83% |
49,204 2.34% | |
| South Dakota | 1,619 0.54% |
3,824 1.17% |
1,060 0.34% |
814 0.24% |
1,472 0.45% |
1,662 0.53% |
964 0.25% |
1,835 0.48% |
5,795 1.59% |
20,850 5.63% | ||
| Tennessee | 1 0.00% |
1,375 0.09% |
7,116 0.44% |
3,072 0.18% |
2,041 0.12% |
1,847 0.09% |
5,020 0.27% |
4,284 0.21% |
4,866 0.20% |
8,547 0.33% |
18,623 0.76% |
70,397 2.81% |
| Texas | 394 0.01% |
575 0.01% |
37,643 0.83% |
30,355 0.56% |
19,699 0.32% |
20,256 0.36% |
23,160 0.36% |
38,787 0.52% |
56,116 0.69% |
88,580 1.11% |
283,492 3.16% | |
| Utah | 19 0.00% |
2,438 0.45% |
7,156 1.18% |
2,447 0.39% |
7,473 1.16% |
1,900 0.26% |
4,129 0.62% |
3,616 0.47% |
3,375 0.36% |
6,966 0.73% |
12,572 1.24% |
39,608 3.50% |
| Vermont | 4 0.00% |
1,900 0.89% |
1,002 0.43% |
1,000 0.41% |
501 0.17% |
1,183 0.46% |
784 0.27% |
1,102 0.35% |
1,067 0.33% |
3,487 1.17% |
10,078 3.20% | |
| Virginia | 4,648 0.27% |
12,821 0.69% |
8,336 0.38% |
5,730 0.22% |
9,174 0.38% |
15,198 0.55% |
11,032 0.34% |
11,067 0.30% |
31,216 0.81% |
118,274 2.97% | ||
| Washington | 1,537 0.10% |
5,042 0.32% |
29,213 1.68% |
8,844 0.47% |
17,240 0.92% |
7,533 0.33% |
12,522 0.56% |
13,135 0.53% |
11,955 0.42% |
12,728 0.42% |
42,202 1.35% |
160,879 4.85% |
| West Virginia | 17 0.00% |
4,356 0.59% |
6 0.00% |
28 0.00% |
1,873 0.27% |
3,062 0.48% |
1,912 0.30% |
1,405 0.19% |
6,302 0.94% |
23,004 3.23% | ||
| Wisconsin | 101 0.01% |
3,814 0.18% |
29,135 1.28% |
4,884 0.22% |
5,157 0.24% |
2,877 0.11% |
7,929 0.36% |
6,640 0.26% |
6,464 0.22% |
8,858 0.30% |
20,439 0.67% |
106,674 3.58% |
| Wyoming | 89 0.06% |
4,514 2.55% |
2,357 1.25% |
2,026 1.15% |
844 0.42% |
1,739 0.82% |
1,443 0.66% |
1,171 0.48% |
1,594 0.63% |
5,326 2.14% |
13,287 5.19% | |
| Total | 4,819 0.01% |
173,819 0.21% |
920,049 1.06% |
228,710 0.25% |
432,207 0.47% |
291,627 0.28% |
485,798 0.50% |
*390,206 0.37% |
397,265 0.32% |
523,715 0.40% |
1,275,971 0.99% |
4,489,341 3.29% |
| No Ballot Access | Write In |
- L Neil Smith was listed as the Libertarian candidate on the ballot in Arizona in place of Harry Browne in 2000. The total includes votes for L Neil Smith.
Guam (Results don't count because Guam has no electoral votes)
| 1972 John Hospers / Theodora Nathan |
1976 Roger MacBride / David Bergland |
1980 Ed Clark / David Koch |
1984 David Bergland / James Lewis |
1988 Ron Paul / Andre Marrou |
1992 Andre Marrou / Nancy Lord |
1996 Harry Browne / Jo Jorgensen |
2000 Harry Browne / Art Olivier |
2004 Michael Badnarik / Richard Campagna |
2008 Bob Barr / Wayne Allyn Root |
2012 Gary Johnson / Jim Gray |
2016 Gary Johnson / William Weld | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Guam | No election | No election | 203 0.81% |
137 0.51% |
129 0.53% |
116 0.67% |
498 1.54% |
420 1.20% |
67 0.20% |
214 0.66% |
351 1.12% |
Not on ballot |