Libertarian Party US Presidential Election Results

Overview

Since 1972, there have been 10 different Libertarian Presidential nominees, in 12 elections. (Two candidates were nominated twice.) In 1972, the LP's first Presidential candidate John Hospers received the first and only electoral vote in the party's history when one "faithless elector" voted for him. The first candidate to break the one percent mark was Ed Clark in 1980. This remained the best showing both as a percentage and in raw number of votes until 2012, when Gary Johnson became the first candidate to receive more than one million votes (but just shy of one percent). Running again in 2016, Gary Johnson then beat the previous record by both measures by a wide margin, receiving more than three percent and more than four million votes.

1972 Presidential Election

In 1972, the Libertarian Party was barely organized and was still in its infant stage. The Presidential nominee was John Hospers. The Vice-Presidential nominee was Tonie Nathan. The ticket was only on the ballot in 2 states and received one electoral vote from a faithless elector Roger MacBride in Virginia.

1976 Presidential Election

By 1976, the party had started to organize and was able to mount a more solid campaign for president. The nominee was Roger MacBride, the same faithless elector who voted for John Hospers in the last election. The Vice-Presidential nominee was David Bergland. The pair managed to gain ballot access in 32 states and was able to gain more than 100,000 votes, a milestone for the relatively new political party.

1980 Presidential Election

The 1980 Presidential Election was another major milestone for the Libertarian Party. The Party nominated Ed Clark for President and David Koch for Vice-President. The campaign was largely self-financed and was able to run several national television advertisements. The ticket gained ballot access in all 50 states. In Alaska, the ticket gained 11.66% of the vote.

1984 Presidential Election

At the 1984 National Convention, many Libertarians walked out, leading many to suspect the end of the party was near. As a result of the walkout, David Bergland was nominated for President and Jim Lewis was nominated for Vice-President. The ticket had ballot access in 36 states.

1988 Presidential Election

In a nomination contest that featured candidates with very different backgrounds and styles, and was also seen by some as a choice between presenting a "right" or "left" image, former Congressman Ron Paul was selected over American Indian activist Russell Means as the Presidential nominee for 1988. Andre Marrou, one of the few Libertarians who had been elected to a state legislature, was the Vice-Presidential nominee. The campaign raised over $2,000,000 and was on the ballot in 46 states.

1992 Presidential Election

For the 1992 Election, the previous vice-presidential candidate and former Alaska legislator Andre Marrou was nominated as the Presidential Candidate. Nancy Lord was nominated as the Vice- Presidential Candidate. The ticket gained ballot access in all 50 states.

1996 Presidential Election

Harry Browne was the Presidential nominee in 1996 and his running mate was Jo Jorgensen. Partly due to personal financial support by the candidate, the campaign was able to get on the ballot in all 50 states.

2000 Presidential Election

Harry Browne was re-nominated as the Presidential nominee in 2000 but chose Art Olivier as his running mate. The campaign had some controversy surrounding it after the National Director was found to have worked on the campaign in 1996 before Harry Browne's candidacy had been decided. The campaign nearly got on the ballot in all 50 states again but a split with the Arizona Libertarian Party caused Harry Browne to be replaced on the ticket with another Libertarian.

2004 Presidential Election

At the 2004 Convention, the Presidential Nomination Election was very close. The race was between Michael Badnarik, Gary Nolan, and Aaron Russo. All three candidates were within 2% of each other for the first two ballots. However, Michael Badnarik made a surprising comeback and won the nomination. In a separate nomination, Richard Campagna was chosen as the vice-presidential nominee. During the election cycle, Badnarik raised over $1,000,000 and ran national television ads on CNN and Fox news. The ticket gained ballot access in 48 states but didn't gain access in New Hampshire or Oklahoma.

2008 Presidential Election

Bob Barr was nominated as the Presidential nominee in 2008 with Wayne Allyn Root nominated as the Vice-Presidential Candidate. The Barr campaign was expected to do very well but due to several factors such as Sarah Palin's nomination as McCain's VP, Ron Paul's dropping of his endorsement of Barr, and the campaign's lack of advertising. The campaign still raised nearly $1.4 million dollars but didn't get as many votes as many Libertarian Leaders felt it could have. The ticket was on the ballot in 44 states. Barr returned thereafter to the Republican Party.

2012 Presidential Election

Gary Johnson, former governor of New Mexico, was nominated in 2012, with Jim Gray as his running mate. The ticket was on the ballot in all but two states, and became the first to receive more than one million votes, and the first to break the record for that measure set 32 years earlier by Ed Clark.

2016 Presidential Election

Gary Johnson was nominated again in 2016, this time with William Weld as his running mate. This was seen by some as the LP's most "credible" national ticket ever, with both candidates being former governors, but others saw the inclusion of Weld as a dilution of the party's brand. For the first time since 2000, the LP had a presidential ticket on the ballot in all 50 states. In an election that was very close between front-runners Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton, but with many voters unhappy about that choice, the LP's team achieved a record-breaking three percent of the national vote, receiving the votes of almost 4.5 million people. William Weld was a controversial candidate due to a past broken promise with the Libertarian Party of New York and certain policy positions, particularly on gun control. During the campaign, he stated that "he was here to vouch for Hillary Clinton" causing some Party members to view that as an endorsement of an opponent. In 2019, Weld broke his promise that he would never switch to another party and re-registered with the Republican Party.

Presidential preference primaries

1988

North Dakota

North Dakota held an open primary on June 14th with candidates of all parties on one ballot.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Ron Paul	985	2.25%

1992

New Hampshire

Held on Feb. 18th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Notes
Andre Marrou	3,388	100%	Marrou received 100% of the Libertarian ballot votes(3,219), 99 Republican write-ins, and 70 Democrat write-ins.

Nebraska

Held on May 12th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Andre Marrou	32	96.97%
Write-In	1	3.03%

California

Held on June 2nd.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Andre Marrou	15,002	99.92%
Write-ins	12	0.08%

1996

New Hampshire

Held on Feb. 20th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage	Notes
Harry Browne	653	40.48%	Browne also received 1 write-in vote in the Republican primary.
Irwin Schiff	336	20.83%	Schiff also received 1 write-in vote in both the Republican and the Democrat primaries.
Write-ins	624	38.69%	16 different candidates identified with other parties received write-in votes.

North Dakota

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	147	100%

South Dakota

Held on Feb. 27th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	325	65.39%
Irwin Schiff	172	34.61%

Massachusetts

Held on March 5th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	386	44.37%
No Preference	237	27.24%
Rick Tompkins	111	12.76%
All Others	70	8.04%
Irwin Schiff	66	7.59%

Illinois

Held on March 19th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	1,278	73.96%
Irwin Schiff	9,218	36.04%

California

Held on March 26th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	7,258	50.04%
Rick Tompkins	3,400	23.44%
Irwin Schiff	2,215	15.27%
Douglass J. Ohmen	1,517	10.46%
Write-ins	115	0.79%

Nebraska

Held on May 14th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	129	84.31%
Write-Ins	24	15.69%

2000

Arizona

Held on Feb. 22nd.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	553	77.56%
Larry Hines	97	13.60%
David Hollist	63	8.84%

California

California's primary was open to Independents as well as registered Libertarians. Held on March 7th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	20,825	62.22%
Kip Lee	4,009	11.98%
L. Neil Smith	3,165	9.46%
Larry Hines	2,984	8.92%
Dave Hollist	2,487	7.43%

Missouri

Held on March 7th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	770	53.21%
Uncommitted	365	25.22%
Larry Hines	166	11.47%
David Hollist	146	10.09%

Nebraska

Held on May 9th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Harry Browne	140	97.22%
Write-Ins	4	2.78%

2004

Missouri

Held on Feb. 3rd.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Nolan	899	45.70%
Uncommitted	746	37.93%
Ruben Perez	167	8.49%
Jeffrey Diket	155	7.88%

Wisconsin

Held on Feb. 17th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Nolan	1,491	43.22%
Michael Badnarik	1,416	41.04%
Uninstructed delegates	404	11.71%
Write-ins	139	4.03%

California

Held on March 2nd.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Nolan	11,885	59.19%
Aaron Russo	4,858	24.20%
Michael Badnarik	3,335	16.61%

Massachusetts

Held on March 2nd.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Nolan	292	27.97%
No Preference	230	22.03%
Write-ins	214	20.50%
Aaron Russo	106	10.15%
Michael Badnarik	82	7.85%
Jeffrey Diket	68	6.51%
Ruben Perez	52	4.98%

Nebraska

Held on May 11th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Nolan	116	71.60%
Michael Badnarik	46	28.40%

2008

California

Held on Feb. 5th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Christine Smith	4,241	25.16%
Steve Kubby	2,876	17.06%
Wayne Root	2,360	14.00%
Bob Jackson	1,486	8.81%
Barry Hess	891	5.29%
George Phillies	852	5.05%
Michael P. Jingozian	774	4.59%
Robert Milnes	721	4.28%
Daniel Imperato	707	4.19%
John Finan	706	4.19%
Dave Hollist	678	4.02%
Alden Link	565	3.35%
Leon Ray (write-in)	1	0.01%

=Missouri

Held on Feb. 5th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Uncommitted	967	47.01%
Wayne A. Root	370	17.99%
Steve Kubby	196	9.53%
George Phillies	163	7.92%
Dave Hollist	141	6.85%
David Imperato	141	6.85%
Michael P. Jingozian	79	3.84%

2012

Missouri

Held on Feb. 7th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
James Ogle	483	52.84%
Uncommitted	431	47.16%

Nebraska

Held on May 15th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Johnson	97	55.43%
Lee Wrights	23	13.14%
Roger Gar	18	10.29%
Carl Person	14	8.00%
RJ Harris	13	7.43%
Bill Still	10	5.71%

California

Held on June 5th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Johnson	6,780	49.98%
Barbara Joy Waymire	2,118	15.61%
Scott Keller	1,208	8.91%
R. J. Harris	670	4.94%
Bill Still	670	4.94%
Roger Gary	559	4.12%
James Ogle	558	4.11%
Carl Person	523	3.86%
Lee Wrights	479	3.53%

2016

Minnesota

Minnesota is a caucus state. The Libertarian Party of Minnesota held a caucus on March 1st at the same time as those of the two establishment parties.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Johnson	171	76%
John McAfee	26	12%
Austin Petersen	17	8%
Darryl Perry	4	2%
Cecil Ince	2	1%
Steve Kerbel	2	1%
None of the Above	2	1%
Marc Allan Feldman	1	0%
Shawna Joy Sterling	1	0%

Missouri

Held on March 15th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Uncommitted	1,183	40.61%
Austin Petersen	854	29.32%
Steve Kerbel	401	13.77%
Marc Allan Feldman	242	8.31%
Cecil Ince	134	4.60%
Rhett Smith	99	3.4%

North Carolina

Held on March 15th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Johnson	2,414	41.48%
No Preference	2,067	35.52%
John Hale	329	5.65%
Joy Waymire	268	4.61%
Austin Petersen	189	3.25%
Darryl Perry	118	2.03%
Steve Kerbel	109	1.87%
Derrick M. Reid	74	1.27%
Cecil Ince	72	1.24%
Jack Robinson, Jr.	70	1.20%
Marc Feldman	66	1.13%
Rhett Smith	43	0.74%

Nebraska

Held on May 10th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Johnson	379	52.71%
Austin Petersen	135	18.78%
John McAfee	123	17.11%
Marc Feldman	47	6.54%
Steve Kerbel	35	4.87%

Oregon

The Libertarian Party of Oregon was not eligible to participate in state-run primaries and so held a party-run primary by mail-in ballot to be completed on May 27th, the day of the establishment party primaries.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Johnson	422	57%
John McAfee	105	14%
Merry Susan Nehls	34	5%
Austin Petersen (write-in)	25	3%
Darryl Perry	21	3%
Keenan Dunham	18	2%
Derrick M. Reid	10	1%
Nathan Norman	8	1%
Rhett Smith	6	1%
NOTA (write-in)	2	0%
Other write-ins	91	12%

California

Held on June 7th.

Candidate	Votes	Percentage
Gary Johnson	19,294	61.87%
John McAfee	3,139	10.07%
Austin Petersen	1,853	5.94%
Rhett Smith	1,531	4.91%
Joy Waymire	932	2.99%
John Hale	873	2.80%
Marc Feldman	867	2.78%
Jack Robinson, Jr.	739	2.37%
Steve Kerbel	556	1.78%
Darryl Perry	521	1.67%
Derrick M. Reid	462	1.48%
Cecil Ince	417	1.34%

2020

New Hampshire self-funded a ranked-choice primary conducted by mail as well as in-person voting at the state convention on Jan. 11th.

Candidate	1st	2nd	3rd	Total	Final Percentage
Vermin Supreme	10	3	13	26	17.3%
Kim Ruff	6	9	7	22	14.7%
Jo Jorgensen	5	8	4	17	11.3%
None of the Above	4	6	3	13	8.7%
Dan "Taxation Is Theft" Behrman	0	6	7	13	8.7%
Jacob Hornberger (write-in)	9	0	0	9	6.0%
Sam Robb	1	2	5	8	5.3%
Mark Whitney (write-in)	4	0	2	6	4.0%
Arvin Vohra	1	0	5	6	4.0%
Ken Armstrong	0	2	3	5	3.3%
Lincoln Chafee (write-in)	1	2	1	4	2.7%
Justin Amash (write-in)	1	1	1	3	2.0%
Keenan Wallace Dunham	0	0	2	2	1.3%
Max Abramson	1	0	0	1	nil
Straw Poll (write-in)	1	0	0	1	nil
Joe Bishop-Henchman (write-in)	0	0	1	1	nil
Thomas Knapp (write-in)	0	0	1	1	nil
Adam Kokesh (write-in)	0	0	1	1	nil
Nicholas Sarwark (write-in)	0	0	1	1	nil
Exhausted Ballots/Undervotes	0	5	5	10
Total	44	44	62	150

2020 New Hampshire Libertarian vice presidential primary

Candidate	1st	2nd	Total	Percentage
John Phillips	15	6	21	63.6%
None of the Above	9	6	15	45.5%
Spike Cohen (write-in)	2	0	2	6.1%
Larry Sharpe (write-in)	2	0	2	6.1%
Ron Paul (write-in)	1	1	2	6.1%
Darryl W Perry (write-in)	1	0	1	3.0%
Straw Poll (write-in)	1	0	1	3.0%
Nicholas Sarwark (write-in)	1	0	1	3.0%
Mark Whitney (write-in)	1	0	1	3.0%
Exhausted Ballots/Undervotes	11	20	31
Total	44	33	77

Results by state and candidate

	1972 John Hospers / Theodora Nathan	1976 Roger MacBride / David Bergland	1980 Ed Clark / David Koch	1984 David Bergland / James Lewis	1988 Ron Paul / Andre Marrou	1992 Andre Marrou / Nancy Lord	1996 Harry Browne / Jo Jorgensen	2000 Harry Browne / Art Olivier	2004 Michael Badnarik / Richard Campagna	2008 Bob Barr / Wayne Allyn Root	2012 Gary Johnson / Jim Gray	2016 Gary Johnson / William Weld
Alabama		1,481 0.13%	13,318 0.99%	9,504 0.66%	8,460 0.61%	5,737 0.34%	5,290 0.34%	5,893 0.35%	3,529 0.19%	4,991 0.24%	12,328 0.59%	44,467 2.09%
Alaska	68 0.07%	6,785 5.49%	18,479 11.66%	6,378 3.07%	5,484 2.74%	1,378 0.53%	2,276 0.94%	2,636 0.92%	1,675 0.54%	1,589 0.49%	7,392 2.46%	18,725 5.88%
Arizona		7,647 1.03%	18,784 2.15%	10,585 1.03%	13,351 1.14%	6,759 0.46%	14,358 1.02%	*5,775 0.38%	11,856 0.59%	12,555 0.55%	32,100 1.39%	106,327 4.13%
Arkansas			8,970 1.07%	2,221 0.25%	3,297 0.40%	1,261 0.13%	3,076 0.35%	2,781 0.30%	2,352 0.22%	4,776 0.44%	16,276 1.52%	29,949 2.65%
California	980 0.01%	56,388 0.72%	148,390 1.73%	49,951 0.53%	70,105 0.71%	48,139 0.43%	73,600 0.73%	45,520 0.42%	50,165 0.40%	67,582 0.50%	143,221 1.10%	478,500 3.37%
Colorado	1,111 0.12%	5,338 0.49%	25,744 2.17%	11,257 0.87%	15,482 1.13%	8,669 0.55%	12,392 0.82%	12,799 0.73%	7,664 0.36%	10,898 0.45%	35,545 1.38%	144,121 5.18%
Connecticut	10 0.00%	209 0.02%	8,570 0.61%	204 0.01%	14,071 0.97%	5,391 0.33%	5,788 0.42%	3,484 0.24%	3,367 0.21%		12,580 0.81%	48,676 2.96%
Delaware		34 0.01%	1,974 0.84%	268 0.11%	1,162 0.47%	935 0.32%	2,052 0.76%	774 0.24%	586 0.16%	1,109 0.27%	3,882 0.94%	14,757 3.34%
D. C.		274 0.16%	1,104 0.63%	279 0.13%	554 0.29%	467 0.21%	588 0.32%	669 0.33%	502 0.22%		2,083 0.71%	4,906 1.58%
Florida	39 0.00%	103 0.00%	30,524 0.83%	754 0.02%	19,796 0.46%	15,079 0.28%	23,965 0.45%	16,415 0.28%	11,996 0.16%	17,218 0.21%	44,726 0.53%	207,043 2.20%
Georgia	23 0.00%	175 0.01%	15,627 0.98%	159 0.01%	8,435 0.47%	7,110 0.31%	17,870 0.78%	36,332 1.40%	18,387 0.56%	28,731 0.73%	45,324 1.16%	125,306 3.05%
Hawaii		3,923 1.35%	3,269 1.08%	2,167 0.65%	1,999 0.56%	1,119 0.30%	2,493 0.69%	1,477 0.40%	1,377 0.32%	1,314 0.29%	3,840 0.88%	15,954 3.72%
Idaho		3,558 1.04%	8,425 1.93%	2,823 0.69%	5,313 1.30%	1,167 0.24%	3,325 0.68%	3,488 0.70%	3,844 0.64%	3,658 0.56%	9,453 1.45%	28,331 4.10%
Illinois	46 0.00%	8,057 0.17%	38,939 0.82%	10,086 0.21%	14,944 0.33%	9,218 0.18%	22,548 0.52%	11,623 0.25%	32,442 0.62%	19,642 0.36%	56,229 1.07%	209,596 3.79%
Indiana			19,627 0.88%	6,741 0.30%		7,936 0.34%	15,632 0.73%	15,530 0.71%	18,058 0.73%	29,257 1.06%	50,111 1.91%	133,993 4.90%
Iowa		1,454 0.11%	13,123 1.00%	1,844 0.14%	2,494 0.20%	1,076 0.08%	2,315 0.19%	3,209 0.24%	2,992 0.20%	4,590 0.30%	12,926 0.82%	59,186 3.78%
Kansas		3,242 0.34%	14,470 1.48%	3,329 0.33%	12,553 1.26%	4,314 0.37%	4,557 0.42%	4,525 0.42%	4,013 0.34%	6,706 0.54%	20,456 1.76%	55,406 4.68%
Kentucky		814 0.07%	5,531 0.43%	3 0.00%	2,118 0.16%	4,513 0.30%	4,009 0.29%	2,896 0.19%	2,619 0.15%	5,989 0.33%	17,063 0.95%	53,752 2.79%
Louisiana		3,134 0.25%	8,240 0.53%	1,876 0.11%	4,115 0.25%	3,155 0.18%	7,499 0.42%	2,951 0.17%	2,781 0.14%		18,157 0.91%	37,978 1.87%
Maine	1 0.00%	12 0.00%	5,119 0.98%	3 0.00%	2,700 0.49%	1,681 0.25%	2,996 0.49%	3,074 0.47%	1,965 0.27%	251 0.03%	9,352 1.31%	38,105 5.09%
Maryland		255 0.02%	14,192 0.92%	5,721 0.34%	6,748 0.39%	4,715 0.24%	8,765 0.49%	5,310 0.26%	6,094 0.26%	9,842 0.37%	30,195 1.12%	79,605 2.86%
Massachusetts	43 0.00%	135 0.01%	22,038 0.87%		24,251 0.92%	9,021 0.32%	20,426 0.80%	16,366 0.61%	15,022 0.52%	13,189 0.43%	30,920 0.98%	138,018 4.15%
Michigan	54 0.00%	5,407 0.15%	41,597 1.06%	10,055 0.26%	18,336 0.50%	10,175 0.24%	27,670 0.72%	16,711 0.39%	10,552 0.22%	23,716 0.47%	7,774 0.16%	172,136 3.59%
Minnesota	35 0.00%	3,529 0.18%	31,593 1.54%	2,996 0.14%	5,109 0.24%	3,374 0.14%	8,271 0.38%	5,282 0.22%	4,639 0.16%	9,174 0.32%	35,098 1.20%	112,972 3.84%
Mississippi		2,606 0.34%	4,702 0.53%	2,336 0.25%	3,329 0.36%	2,154 0.22%	2,809 0.31%	2,009 0.20%	1,793 0.16%	2,529 0.20%	6,676 0.52%	14,435 1.19%
Missouri	25 0.00%	179 0.01%	14,422 0.69%		434 0.02%	7,497 0.31%	10,522 0.49%	7,436 0.32%	9,831 0.36%	11,386 0.39%	43,151 1.56%	97,359 3.47%
Montana		40 0.01%	9,825 2.70%	5,185 1.35%	5,047 1.38%	986 0.24%	2,526 0.62%	1,718 0.42%	1,733 0.38%	1,355 0.28%	14,165 2.93%	28,037 5.67%
Nebraska		1,476 0.24%	9,041 1.41%	2,079 0.32%	2,534 0.38%	1,344 0.18%	2,792 0.41%	2,245 0.32%	2,041 0.26%	2,740 0.34%	11,109 1.40%	38,946 4.61%
Nevada		1,519 0.75%	4,358 1.79%	2,292 0.80%	3,520 1.01%	1,835 0.36%	4,460 0.96%	3,311 0.54%	3,176 0.38%	4,263 0.44%	10,968 1.08%	37,384 3.32%
New Hampshire	142 0.04%	936 0.28%	2,064 0.54%	735 0.19%	4,502 1.00%	3,548 0.66%	4,237 0.85%	2,757 0.48%	372 0.05%	2,217 0.31%	8,212 1.16%	30,777 4.20%
New Jersey	89 0.00%	9,449 0.31%	20,652 069%	6,416 0.20%	8,421 0.27%	6,822 0.20%	14,763 0.48%	6,312 0.20%	4,514 0.12%	8,441 0.22%	21,045 0.58%	72,477 1.87%
New Mexico		1,110 0.27%	4,365 0.96%	4,459 0.87%	3,268 0.63%	1,615 0.28%	2,996 0.54%	2,058 0.34%	2,382 0.31%	2,428 0.29%	27,788 3.55%	74,541 9.34%
New York	6 0.00%	12,197 0.19%	52,648 0.85%	11,949 0.18%	12,109 0.19%	13,451 0.19%	12,220 0.19%	7,649 0.11%	11,607 0.16%	19,596 0.26%	47,256 0.67%	176,598 2.29%
North Carolina		2,219 0.13%	9,677 0.52%	3,794 0.17%	1,263 0.06%	5,171 0.20%	8,740 0.35%	12,307 0.42%	11,731 0.34%	25,722 0.60%	44,515 0.99%	130,126 2.74%
North Dakota		256 0.09%	3,743 1.24%	703 0.23%	1,315 0.44%	416 0.14%	847 0.32%	660 0.23%	851 0.27%	1,354 0.43%	5,231 1.62%	21,434 6.22%
Ohio		8,952 0.22%	49,033 1.14%	5,886 0.13%	11,989 0.27%	7,252 0.15%	12,851 0.28%	13,475 0.29%	14,676 0.26%	19,917 0.35%	49,493 0.89%	174,498 3.17%
Oklahoma			13,828 1.20%	9,066 0.72%	6,261 0.53%	4,486 0.32%	5,505 0.46%	6,602 0.53%				83,481 5.75%
Oregon	85 0.01%	464 0.05%	25,838 2.19%	376 0.03%	14,811 1.23%	4,277 0.29%	8,903 0.65%	7,447 0.49%	7,260 0.40%	7,635 0.42%	24,089 1.35%	94,231 4.71%
Pennsylvania	8 0.00%	73 0.00%	33,263 0.73%	6,982 0.14%	12,051 0.27%	21,477 0.43%	28,000 0.62%	11,248 0.23%	21,185 0.37%	19,912 0.33%	49,991 0.87%	146,715 2.40%
Rhode Island	2 0.00%	715 0.17%	2,458 0.59%	277 0.07%	825 0.20%	571 0.13%	1,109 0.28%	742 0.18%	907 0.21%	1,382 0.29%	4,388 0.98%	14,746 3.18%
South Carolina		53 0.01%	4,807 0.54%	4,359 0.45%	4,935 0.50%	2,719 0.23%	4,271 0.37%	4,876 0.35%	3,608 0.22%	7,283 0.38%	16,321 0.83%	49,204 2.34%
South Dakota		1,619 0.54%	3,824 1.17%		1,060 0.34%	814 0.24%	1,472 0.45%	1,662 0.53%	964 0.25%	1,835 0.48%	5,795 1.59%	20,850 5.63%
Tennessee	1 0.00%	1,375 0.09%	7,116 0.44%	3,072 0.18%	2,041 0.12%	1,847 0.09%	5,020 0.27%	4,284 0.21%	4,866 0.20%	8,547 0.33%	18,623 0.76%	70,397 2.81%
Texas	394 0.01%	575 0.01%	37,643 0.83%		30,355 0.56%	19,699 0.32%	20,256 0.36%	23,160 0.36%	38,787 0.52%	56,116 0.69%	88,580 1.11%	283,492 3.16%
Utah	19 0.00%	2,438 0.45%	7,156 1.18%	2,447 0.39%	7,473 1.16%	1,900 0.26%	4,129 0.62%	3,616 0.47%	3,375 0.36%	6,966 0.73%	12,572 1.24%	39,608 3.50%
Vermont		4 0.00%	1,900 0.89%	1,002 0.43%	1,000 0.41%	501 0.17%	1,183 0.46%	784 0.27%	1,102 0.35%	1,067 0.33%	3,487 1.17%	10,078 3.20%
Virginia		4,648 0.27%	12,821 0.69%		8,336 0.38%	5,730 0.22%	9,174 0.38%	15,198 0.55%	11,032 0.34%	11,067 0.30%	31,216 0.81%	118,274 2.97%
Washington	1,537 0.10%	5,042 0.32%	29,213 1.68%	8,844 0.47%	17,240 0.92%	7,533 0.33%	12,522 0.56%	13,135 0.53%	11,955 0.42%	12,728 0.42%	42,202 1.35%	160,879 4.85%
West Virginia		17 0.00%	4,356 0.59%	6 0.00%	28 0.00%	1,873 0.27%	3,062 0.48%	1,912 0.30%	1,405 0.19%		6,302 0.94%	23,004 3.23%
Wisconsin	101 0.01%	3,814 0.18%	29,135 1.28%	4,884 0.22%	5,157 0.24%	2,877 0.11%	7,929 0.36%	6,640 0.26%	6,464 0.22%	8,858 0.30%	20,439 0.67%	106,674 3.58%
Wyoming		89 0.06%	4,514 2.55%	2,357 1.25%	2,026 1.15%	844 0.42%	1,739 0.82%	1,443 0.66%	1,171 0.48%	1,594 0.63%	5,326 2.14%	13,287 5.19%
Total	4,819 0.01%	173,819 0.21%	920,049 1.06%	228,710 0.25%	432,207 0.47%	291,627 0.28%	485,798 0.50%	*390,206 0.37%	397,265 0.32%	523,715 0.40%	1,275,971 0.99%	4,489,341 3.29%
	No Ballot Access	Write In

• L Neil Smith was listed as the Libertarian candidate on the ballot in Arizona in place of Harry Browne in 2000. The total includes votes for L Neil Smith.

Guam (Results don't count because Guam has no electoral votes)

	1972 John Hospers / Theodora Nathan	1976 Roger MacBride / David Bergland	1980 Ed Clark / David Koch	1984 David Bergland / James Lewis	1988 Ron Paul / Andre Marrou	1992 Andre Marrou / Nancy Lord	1996 Harry Browne / Jo Jorgensen	2000 Harry Browne / Art Olivier	2004 Michael Badnarik / Richard Campagna	2008 Bob Barr / Wayne Allyn Root	2012 Gary Johnson / Jim Gray	2016 Gary Johnson / William Weld
Guam	No election	No election	203 0.81%	137 0.51%	129 0.53%	116 0.67%	498 1.54%	420 1.20%	67 0.20%	214 0.66%	351 1.12%	Not on ballot