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#REDIRECT [[Movimento Libertario]]
{{Infobox Organization
| name = Libertarian Movement
| native_name = Movimento Libertario
| logo =
| logo_size = 200px
| colorcode = Gold
| leader = [[Leonardo Facco]]
| leader2_title =
| leader2_name =
| foundation = 24 September 2005 (launched as cultural movement)<br />September 2007 (founded as political movement-party)
| ideology = [[Anarcho-capitalism]]<br />[[Anti-federalism]]<br />[[Economic liberalism]]<br />[[Euroscepticism]]<br />[[Non-interventionism]]
| headquarters = Via Lino Zanussi 3, 33170 [[Pordenone]]
| european =
| international = [[International Alliance of Libertarian Parties]]<br />Interlibertarians
| colors = {{color box|gold}} [[Gold (color)|Gold]]
| website = [https://www.movimentolibertario.com/ www.movimentolibertario.com]
| country = Italy
}}
The '''Libertarian Movement''' ({{lang-it|Movimento Libertario}}, '''ML''') is a [[List of political parties in Italy|political party in Italy]] which espouses a typically [[libertarian]] platform, namely minimal regulation of society, free markets, strong defense of natural rights of liberty and property, [[non-interventionism]] in foreign policy and ''[[laissez-faire]]'' freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries. Its founders are [[Leonardo Facco]] and [[Giorgio Fidenato]]. Fidenato left the movement on April 15, 2020 after a dispute arose from Fidenato's endorsement of the Covid related policies by the Italian government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.movimentolibertario.com/2020/10/dimissioni-fidenato/|title=Fidenato Ha Lasciato Il Movimento: Dimissioni Annunciate Ad Aprile|access-date=31 March 2021|date=1 October 2020}}</ref> The party has as its symbol two black hands shaking and a yellow background in reference to its membership in the [[Anarcho-capitalism|anarcho-capitalist]].
 
ML was started as a cultural association on 24 September 2005 in [[Treviglio]] with the writing of the ''Manifesto and Constitution of the Libertarian Movement'' by Facco. Two years after, ML was transformed into a party by Facco, Fidenato and Marcello Mazzilli. The party's goal is to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong [[free market]] system.<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=61183 "The libertarian way to happiness"], ''L'Opinione'', by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.</ref> The party has its registered office in the municipality of [[Pordenone]].
 
The party supports both the [[Padanian nationalism|Padanian]] and the [[Venetian nationalism|Venetian]] independence movements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/11/facco-per-lindipendenza-servono-azioni-forti-non-consulte/|title = Facco: "Per l'Indipendenza Servono Azioni Forti, non Consulte"|date = 30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anordestdiche.com/il-nord-est-che-vuole-separarsi-si-raduna-a-jesolo/|title = Il Nord Est che vuole separarsi si raduna a Jesolo|date = 22 May 2012}}</ref> Among other things, Facco is editor of the pro-independence and libertarian online newspaper ''L'Indipendenza''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/ |title=Chi Siamo &#124; L&#039;Indipendenza |access-date=2012-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409182304/http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/ |archive-date=2012-04-09 }}</ref> Both Facco (who has been a leader of the libertarian faction within [[Lega Nord]] in the 1990s) and Fidenato have participated in events and demonstrations organized by separatist parties as the [[Padanian Union]],<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine |title=Ultime Notizie Online &#124; Agenzia Giornalistica Italia &#124; AGI |access-date=2012-01-15 |archive-date=2012-07-18 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120718005022/http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Alpine Padanian Union]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/ |title=Unione Padania Alpina: assalto al grano padano {{!}} Bergamo.Info giornale d'opinione a Bergamo |website=www.bergamo.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306173252/http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/ |archive-date=2014-03-06}} </ref> and [[Veneto State]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/ |title=Veneto: Monumento All'Evasore Fiscale {{!}} Movimento Libertario |website=www.movimentolibertario.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503111330/http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/ |archive-date=2012-05-03}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796 |title=«Italia al collasso Portiamo in Slovenia i nostri risparmi» – Cronaca – Messaggero Veneto |website=messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306174635/http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796 |archive-date=2014-03-06}} </ref> In November 2011, Facco proposed the creation of an '''Independentist Libertarian Movement''' ('''MLI''') which would support all the separatist movements and parties active around Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/11/16/indipendentisti-e-libertari/|title = Indipendentisti e Libertari|date = 16 November 2011}}</ref> In the run-up of a conference of free independentists organized by ''L'Indipendenza'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/ |title=Confederazione Liberi Indipentisti: Una Proposta {{!}} L'Indipendenza |website=www.lindipendenza.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501203449/http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/ |archive-date=2012-05-01}} </ref> Fidenato, who had been long in favour of the dissolution of Italy, endorsed the proposal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista/ |title=Libertari Ed Indipendentisti, Una Scelta Di Liberta {{!}} L'Indipendenza |website=www.lindipendenza.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520033448/http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista |archive-date=2012-05-20}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/02/13/disponibili-a-partecipare-alla-conferenza-indipendentista/|title = Disponibili a Partecipare Alla Conferenza Indipendentista|date = 13 February 2012}}</ref>
 
==Ideology==
ML takes inspiration from the [[classical liberalism]] of [[John Locke]] and the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] conjugated to the 19th-century [[Individualist anarchism in the United States|American individualist anarchist]] strand of [[Benjamin Tucker]], [[Henry David Thoreau]] and [[Lysander Spooner]].<ref name="theory">[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=55 ''The political theory of libertarian''] political, cultural and economic references of the Movimento Libertario</ref> On the economy, ML takes inspiration from the [[Austrian School]] and the theoretic formulation of philosopher and economist [[Murray Rothbard]]. The actions in favor of tax resistance, free entrepreneurship and political non-voting also recall the agorist reflections by [[Samuel Edward Konkin III]], although ML does not officially identify itself in programmatic positions and spectrum of the American left-libertarians. ML also includes some aspects from the American model of liberty ([[minarchism]]) theorized by [[Robert Nozick]] and the [[Objectivism]] philosophy described in novels by [[Ayn Rand]]. ML refers to [[freedom of association]] of the anarchist federalism, anarcho-capitalist free market society and to the Jeffersonian limited government of classical liberalism.
 
ML holds an anti-[[European federalism|federalist]] stance on [[European integration]]. It is against the transformation of the [[European Union]] into a [[federation]], preferring the voluntary accession and the unanimity of a [[confederation]]. The term "[[federalism]]" as it is used by ML means [[Decentralisation|decentralization]] and [[fiscal federalism]] as opposed to the Italian highly [[Centralisation|centralized]] state. Party icons include [[Ferdinando Galiani]], [[Cesare Beccaria]], [[Filippo Mazzei]], [[Emerico Amari]], [[Carlo Cattaneo]], [[Gaetano Mosca]], [[Vilfredo Pareto]], [[Luigi Einaudi]], [[Bruno Leoni]] and [[Gianfranco Miglio]]. Despite being officially a party, ML has spoken in favor of [[non-voting]].<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=10&art=70685 "Classic liberals at the polls: what to do?"] ''L'Opinione'', by Gustavo Cevolani. Retrieved on April 10, 2008.</ref> A party slogan says: "Neither right nor left, nor centrist. Simply free is better".
 
==Political Actions==
===Against the Withholding Tax===
{{for|the party's battle against the withholding tax|Giorgio Fidenato#Against the withholding tax}}
 
===Battle to Sow GMO Maize===
{{for|the party's stance on the right to sow GMO maize|Giorgio Fidenato#The right to sow GMO maize}}
Giorgio Fidenato and ML favor the free cultivation and commercialization of [[Genetically modified organism|GMO]] seeds and food. They support no limits to GMOs in Italy, consumer freedom to choose their own products and freedom of private scientific research as long as it respect the natural human rights and it does not use public money.
 
In this respect, Fidenato and his Federated Farmers ({{lang-it|Agricoltori Federati}}) were subjected to threats and acts of violent vandalism in their headquarters by an [[Anti-globalization movement|anti-globalization]] and [[Environmentalism|environmentalist]] group for their position on GMO maize.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y66sP-6e4nY "Video about violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers"].</ref><ref>[http://www.agi.it/trieste/notizie/201004302035-cro-rts1025-ogm_fvg_oppositori_irrompono_in_sede_agricoltori_federati "GMO: FVG, opponents bursts within Federated Farmers"], ''Agi News'' Retrieved on April 30, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/mais_ogm_scoppia_guerra_seme/01-05-2010/articolo-id=442040-page=0-comments=1 "GMO maize, war breaks out of the seed"], ''Il Giornale'', by Fausto Biloslavo. Retrieved on May 1, 2010.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-U724XcLZDk "TG5 tv service on Fidenato and the Movimento Libertario first sowing GMO in Italy"] Retrieved on May 1, 2010. In the tv service the violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers.</ref> The [[Italian Radicals]] referred in Parliament on the issue.<ref>[http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 "Assembly Reports"], Annex B Seat N°316, May 4, 2010. Italian parliamentary question of the Italian Radicals to the Italian minister of the Interior and to his colleague to the Italian Agriculture. Archived from [http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 camera.it].</ref>
 
==Publications==
Through his ''Leonardo Facco Editore'' publishing house, Facco issues two magazines: ''Enclave'' and ''I Fogli di Enclave''. The Scientific Committee of ''Enclave'' includes [[Walter Block]], [[David D. Friedman]], [[Hans-Hermann Hoppe]], [[John Hospers]], [[Antonio Martino]], [[Pierre Lemieux]], [[Tibor Machan]], [[Jan Narveson]], [[Wendy McElroy]], [[Ralph Raico]], [[Robert Sirico]] and [[Thomas Szasz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leonardofaccoeditore.com/online-casino-free-bet/|title=Best Slot Game On Bovada – leonardofaccoeditore.com}}</ref>
 
==References==
{{reflist}}
 
==External Links==
* [http://www.movimentolibertario.com/ Official website]
 
{{Wikipedia-CC}}
[[Category:National Libertarian Parties]]
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