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{{for|the Libertarian Movement|Libertarian movement in the United States}}
{{Infobox Organization
{{for|the Movimiento Libertario political party of Costa Rica,|Movimiento Libertario}}
| name = Libertarian Movement
{{for|the traditional Italian Anarchism|Anarchism in Italy}}
| native_name = Movimento Libertario
 
| logo =
{{expert-subject-multiple|Political parties|Italy|date=January 2010}}
| logo_size = 200px
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = Gold
|name          = Movimento Libertario
| leader = [[Leonardo Facco]]
|logo         = [[File:Movimento Libertario (Italy) Logo .gif|200px]]
| leader2_title =
|colorcode     = gold
| leader2_name =
|colors        = [[Yellow]] or [[Gold (color)|gold]]
| foundation = 24 September 2005 (launched as cultural movement)<br />September 2007 (founded as political movement-party)
|leader       = [[Leonardo Facco]]
| ideology = [[Anarcho-capitalism]]<br />[[Anti-federalism]]<br />[[Economic liberalism]]<br />[[Euroscepticism]]<br />[[Non-interventionism]]
|leader2_title = Coordinator
| headquarters = Via Lino Zanussi 3, 33170 [[Pordenone]]
|leader2_name = [[Giorgio Fidenato]]
| european =
|spokesperson  = Marcello Mazzilli
| international = [[International Alliance of Libertarian Parties]]<br />Interlibertarians
|foundation   = {{Start date|September 24, 2005 (as cultural movement)<br> September 2007 (as political movement-party)}}
| colors = {{color box|gold}} [[Gold (color)|Gold]]
|newspaper    = ''[http://www.leonardofaccoeditore.com/enclave/index.htm ''Enclave'']'', ''[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59 ''I Fogli di Enclave'']''
| website = [https://www.movimentolibertario.com/ www.movimentolibertario.com]
|ideology     = [[anarcho-capitalism]], [[anti-federalism]], [[anti-statism]], [[classical liberalism]], [[euroscepticism]], [[free market]], [[Individualism]], [[laissez-faire]], [[liberism]], [[libertarianism]], [[minarchism]], [[non-interventionism]], [[non-violence]], [[non-voting]], [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|objectivism]], [[voluntaryism]]
| country = Italy
|headquarters  = [[Pordenone]]
|international = None
|european      = None
|website       = http://www.movimentolibertario.it/
|country       = Italy
}}
}}
The '''Libertarian Movement''' , '''ML''') is a political party in Italy which espouses a typically libertarian platform, namely minimal regulation of society, free markets, strong defense of natural rights of liberty and property, [[non-interventionism]] in foreign policy and ''[[laissez-faire]]'' freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries. Its founders are [[Wikipedia:Leonardo Facco|Leonardo Facco]] and [[Wikipedia:Giorgio Fidenato|Giorgio Fidenato]]. Fidenato left the movement on April 15, 2020 after a dispute arose from Fidenato's endorsement of the Covid related policies by the Italian government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.movimentolibertario.com/2020/10/dimissioni-fidenato/|title=Fidenato Ha Lasciato Il Movimento: Dimissioni Annunciate Ad Aprile|access-date=31 March 2021|date=1 October 2020}}</ref> The party has as its symbol two black hands shaking and a yellow background in reference to its membership in the anarcho-capitalist.


The terms '''Movimento Libertario''' (''Libertarian Movement'' in English) in Italian language has a dual meanings.
ML was started as a cultural association on 24 September 2005 in Treviglio with the writing of the ''Manifesto and Constitution of the Libertarian Movement'' by Facco. Two years after, ML was transformed into a party by Facco, Fidenato and Marcello Mazzilli. The party's goal is to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong [[free market]] system.<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=61183 "The libertarian way to happiness"], ''L'Opinione'', by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.</ref> The party has its registered office in the municipality of Pordenone.
 
Historically, first refers to the popular [[Italian anarchism]] movements<ref>{{cite book | last = Woodcock | first = George | title = L'anarchia: storia delle idee e dei movimenti libertari | publisher = Feltrinelli Editore | location = Milano | year = 1966}}</ref>.
 
Now coexists with the sense of anti-state, [[libertarianism]] (in Anglo-Saxon meaning) organisation.
 
Specifically the second meaning is used here to refer to a political party and a cultural movement (''Movimento Libertario'', acronym  ML) based in [[Italy]] characterized by a [[libertarian]] cultural and [[political platform]]: minimal regulation of Italian society, [[liberism]] of the markets, strong defense of natural rights of [[liberty]] and [[property]], [[non-interventionism]] in foreign policy, and [[laissez-faire]] freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries.
 
== History ==
=== Foundation ===
 
The Movimento Libertario was originally only an Italian cultural association for the dissemination of [[libertarianism]].
 
As a cultural association, the Movimento Libertario began on September 24, 2005, in [[Treviglio]] with the writing of the "''Manifesto and Constitution of the Movimento Libertario''" by Leonardo Facco<ref name="manifesto">Leonardo Facco. [http://digilander.libero.it/cssc/liborg/enclave/MANIFESTO.doc "Manifesto and Constitution of the Movimento Libertario"], Treviglio, September 24, 2005</ref>.  


The Movimento Libertario became also an Italian political subject when it is officially founded in September 2007 by [[Leonardo Facco]], [[Giorgio Fidenato]] and Marcello Mazzilli<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=61183 ''The libertarian way to happiness''] ''L'Opinione'', by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.</ref>, in order to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong liberist system of [[free market]], against any kind of aggression and/or coercion.<ref name="statute">Leonardo Facco, Giorgio Fidenato, Marcello Mazzilli [http://www.movimentolibertario.it/Documenti/Statuto_MLsett-07.pdf "Statute of the Movimento Libertario"], Treviglio, September 2007</ref>  
The party supports both the Padanian and the Venetian independence movements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/11/facco-per-lindipendenza-servono-azioni-forti-non-consulte/|title = Facco: "Per l'Indipendenza Servono Azioni Forti, non Consulte"|date = 30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anordestdiche.com/il-nord-est-che-vuole-separarsi-si-raduna-a-jesolo/|title = Il Nord Est che vuole separarsi si raduna a Jesolo|date = 22 May 2012}}</ref> Among other things, Facco is editor of the pro-independence and libertarian online newspaper ''L'Indipendenza''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/ |title=Chi Siamo &#124; L&#039;Indipendenza |access-date=2012-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409182304/http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/ |archive-date=2012-04-09 }}</ref> Both Facco (who has been a leader of the libertarian faction within [[Wikipedia:Lega Nord|Lega Nord]] in the 1990s) and Fidenato have participated in events and demonstrations organized by separatist parties as the Padanian Union,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine |title=Ultime Notizie Online &#124; Agenzia Giornalistica Italia &#124; AGI |access-date=2012-01-15 |archive-date=2012-07-18 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120718005022/http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Wikipedia:Alpine Padanian Union|Alpine Padanian Union]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/ |title=Unione Padania Alpina: assalto al grano padano {{!}} Bergamo.Info giornale d'opinione a Bergamo |website=www.bergamo.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306173252/http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/ |archive-date=2014-03-06}} </ref> and [[Wikipedia:Veneto State|Veneto State]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/ |title=Veneto: Monumento All'Evasore Fiscale {{!}} Movimento Libertario |website=www.movimentolibertario.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503111330/http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/ |archive-date=2012-05-03}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796 |title=«Italia al collasso Portiamo in Slovenia i nostri risparmi» – Cronaca – Messaggero Veneto |website=messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306174635/http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796 |archive-date=2014-03-06}} </ref> In November 2011, Facco proposed the creation of an '''Independentist Libertarian Movement''' ('''MLI''') which would support all the separatist movements and parties active around Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/11/16/indipendentisti-e-libertari/|title = Indipendentisti e Libertari|date = 16 November 2011}}</ref> In the run-up of a conference of free independentists organized by ''L'Indipendenza'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/ |title=Confederazione Liberi Indipentisti: Una Proposta {{!}} L'Indipendenza |website=www.lindipendenza.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501203449/http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/ |archive-date=2012-05-01}} </ref> Fidenato, who had been long in favour of the dissolution of Italy, endorsed the proposal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista/ |title=Libertari Ed Indipendentisti, Una Scelta Di Liberta {{!}} L'Indipendenza |website=www.lindipendenza.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520033448/http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista |archive-date=2012-05-20}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/02/13/disponibili-a-partecipare-alla-conferenza-indipendentista/|title = Disponibili a Partecipare Alla Conferenza Indipendentista|date = 13 February 2012}}</ref> The party has as its symbol a round disk with a yellow-gold background in reference to the [[gold standard]] and also to its membership in the anarcho-capitalist movement.


The Association has its registered office in the Municipality of [[Pordenone]]<ref name="statute" />.
ML was started as a cultural association on 24 September 2005 in [[Wikipedia:Treviglio|Treviglio]] with the writing of the ''Manifesto and Constitution of the Libertarian Movement'' by Leonardo Facco. Two years after, ML was transformed into a party by Leonardo Facco, Giorgio Fidenato and Marcello Mazzilli. The party's goal is to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong free market system.<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=61183 ''The libertarian way to happiness''] ''L'Opinione'', by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.</ref> The party has its registered office in the Municipality of Pordenone.


===Symbol===
The party supports both the [[Wikipedia:Padanian nationalism|Padanian]] and the [[Wikipedia:Venetian nationalism|Venetian]] independence movements.<ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/11/facco-per-lindipendenza-servono-azioni-forti-non-consulte/</ref><ref>http://www.anordestdiche.com/il-nord-est-che-vuole-separarsi-si-raduna-a-jesolo/</ref> Among other things, Facco is editor of the pro-independence and libertarian online newspaper ''L'Indipendenza''.<ref>http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/</ref> Both Facco, who has been a leader of the libertarian faction within [[Wikipedia:Lega Nord|Lega Nord]] in the 1990s, and Fidenato have participated in events and demonstrations organized by separatist parties as the Padanian Union,<ref>http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine</ref> the Alpine Padanian Union,<ref>http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/</ref> Veneto State.<ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/</ref><ref>http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796</ref>


[[Image:Anarcho-capitalist flag.svg|210px|right|thumb|The flag "yellow/black" (or "black and gold") is used by [[anarcho-capitalism|anarcho-capitalists]] and other [[market anarchism|market anarchists]]. The yellow symbolizes gold, a commodity, often used in a [[trade|commodity of exchange]] often used in marketplaces unrestricted by state intervention, the right half in black is for [[anarchy]]. The flag was first used in public in Colorado in 1963 at an event organised by [[Robert LeFevre]] at [[Rampart College]].<ref>[[Murray Rothbard|Rothbard, Murray N.]], ''The Betrayal of the American Right'' (2007): 188</ref>]]
In November 2011 Facco proposed the creation of an '''Independentist Libertarian Movement''' (MLI), which would support all the separatist movements and parties active around Italy.<ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/11/16/indipendentisti-e-libertari/</ref> In the run-up of a conference of free independentists organized by ''L'Indipendenza'',<ref>http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/</ref> Fidenato, who had been long in favour of the dissolution of Italy, endorsed the proposal.<ref>http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista/</ref><ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/02/13/disponibili-a-partecipare-alla-conferenza-indipendentista/</ref>


The Movimento Libertario has as its symbol a round disk with a yellow-gold background in reference to the [[gold standard]] and also to its membership in the [[anarcho-capitalist]] movement.


The symbol is part of the assets of the Association<ref name="statute" />.
==Ideology==
ML takes inspiration from the classical liberalism of [[John Locke]] and the Founding Fathers of the United States conjugated to the 19th-century American individualist anarchist strand of [[Benjamin Tucker]], [[Henry David Thoreau]] and [[Lysander Spooner]].<ref name="theory">[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=55 ''The political theory of libertarian''] political, cultural and economic references of the Movimento Libertario</ref> On the economy, ML takes inspiration from the [[Austrian School]] and the theoretic formulation of philosopher and economist [[Murray Rothbard]]. The actions in favor of tax resistance, free entrepreneurship and political non-voting also recall the agorist reflections by [[Samuel Edward Konkin III]], although ML does not officially identify itself in programmatic positions and spectrum of the American left-libertarians. ML also includes some aspects from the American model of liberty ([[minarchism]]) theorized by [[Robert Nozick]] and the [[Objectivism]] philosophy described in novels by [[Ayn Rand]]. ML refers to freedom of association of the anarchist federalism, anarcho-capitalist free market society and to the Jeffersonian limited government of classical liberalism.


Inside the top are the words in Italian (in black color) "''Proprietà''" and "''Libertà''", and are references to natural rights believed essential by libertarians.  
ML holds an anti-federalist stance on European integration. It is against the transformation of the European Union into a federation, preferring the voluntary accession and the unanimity of a confederation. The term _federalism_ as it is used by ML means decentralization and fiscal federalism as opposed to the Italian highly centralized state. Party icons include [[Wikipedia:Ferdinando Galiani|Ferdinando Galiani]], [[Wikipedia:Cesare Beccaria|Cesare Beccaria]], [[Wikipedia:Filippo Mazzei|Filippo Mazzei]], [[Wikipedia:Emerico Amari|Emerico Amari]], [[Wikipedia:Carlo Cattaneo|Carlo Cattaneo]], [[Wikipedia:Gaetano Mosca|Gaetano Mosca]], [[Wikipedia:Vilfredo Pareto|Vilfredo Pareto]], [[Wikipedia:Luigi Einaudi|Luigi Einaudi]], [[Wikipedia:Bruno Leoni|Bruno Leoni]] and [[Wikipedia:Gianfranco Miglio|Gianfranco Miglio]]. Despite being officially a party, ML has spoken in favor of non-voting.<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=10&art=70685 "Classic liberals at the polls: what to do?"] ''L'Opinione'', by Gustavo Cevolani. Retrieved on April 10, 2008.</ref> A party slogan says: "Neither right nor left, nor centrist. Simply free is better".


In the center of the disk, the symbol of the movement, is a stylized image of a black crossbow.
==Political Actions==
<!-- ===Against the Withholding Tax===
{{for|the party's battle against the withholding tax|Giorgio Fidenato#Against the withholding tax}} -->


The weapon is an homage to nearby [[Switzerland]] and in particular to legendary [[William Tell]], as a symbol of fiscal rebellion for federalist political autonomy and independence of people.  
===Battle to Sow GMO Maize===
<!-- {{for|the party's stance on the right to sow GMO maize|Giorgio Fidenato#The right to sow GMO maize}} -->
Giorgio Fidenato and ML favor the free cultivation and commercialization of GMO seeds and food. They support no limits to GMOs in Italy, consumer freedom to choose their own products and freedom of private scientific research as long as it respect the natural human rights and it does not use public money.


Below the image appears the written "''Movimento Libertario''"; the terms are used in reference to political entity but also to define the nature of individual human action (''Movimento'') and to define, in broad sense, those theories which give primacy to individual [[choice]] before the claims of any political power (''Libertario'').
In this respect, Fidenato and his Federated Farmers (Agricoltori Federati) were subjected to threats and acts of violent vandalism in their headquarters by an anti-globalization and environmentalist group for their position on GMO maize.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y66sP-6e4nY "Video about violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers"].</ref><ref>[http://www.agi.it/trieste/notizie/201004302035-cro-rts1025-ogm_fvg_oppositori_irrompono_in_sede_agricoltori_federati "GMO: FVG, opponents bursts within Federated Farmers"], ''Agi News'' Retrieved on April 30, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/mais_ogm_scoppia_guerra_seme/01-05-2010/articolo-id=442040-page=0-comments=1 "GMO maize, war breaks out of the seed"], ''Il Giornale'', by Fausto Biloslavo. Retrieved on May 1, 2010.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-U724XcLZDk "TG5 tv service on Fidenato and the Movimento Libertario first sowing GMO in Italy"] Retrieved on May 1, 2010. In the tv service the violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers.</ref> The [[Wikipedia:Italian Radicals|Italian Radicals]] referred in Parliament on the issue.<ref>[http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 "Assembly Reports"], Annex B Seat N°316, May 4, 2010. Italian parliamentary question of the Italian Radicals to the Italian minister of the Interior and to his colleague to the Italian Agriculture. Archived from [http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 camera.it].</ref>


===The question on the term ''Libertario'' for the Italian Libertarianism===
==Publications==
Through his ''Leonardo Facco Editore'' publishing house, Facco issues two magazines: ''Enclave'' and ''I Fogli di Enclave''. The Scientific Committee of ''Enclave'' includes [[Walter Block]], [[David Friedman]], [[Hans-Hermann Hoppe]], [[John Hospers]], [[Wikipedia:Antonio Martino|Antonio Martino]], [[Wikipedia:Pierre Lemieux|Pierre Lemieux]], [[Wikipedia:Tibor Machan|Tibor Machan]], [[Wikipedia:Jan Narveson|Jan Narveson]], [[Wendy McElroy]], [[Ralph Raico]], [[Robert Sirico]] and [[Thomas Szasz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leonardofaccoeditore.com/online-casino-free-bet/|title=Best Slot Game On Bovada – leonardofaccoeditore.com}}</ref>


{{Anarchism sidebar}}
<!-- Leonardo Facco, through his ''Leonardo Facco Editore'' publishing house, issues two magazines: ''Enclave'' and ''I Fogli di Enclave''. The Scientific Committee of ''Enclave'' includes: [[Walter Block]], [[David D. Friedman]], [[Hans Hermann Hoppe]], [[John Hospers]], [[Antonio Martino]], [[Pierre Lemieux]], [[Tibor R. Machan]], [[Jan Narveson]], [[Wendy McElroy]], [[Ralph Raico]], [[Robert Sirico]], [[Thomas S. Szasz]].<ref>http://www.leonardofaccoeditore.com/</ref> [earlier version; please merge] -->


The term ''libertario'' is an Italian word that has a dual meaning, in Italy historically refers to the European [[anarchist]] movements (''libertarism'') with a marxian and [[social anarchist]] ispirations.
===Spectrum Internal Libertarianism===
The Movimento Libertario is formally neutral as libertarian ideology, with an anarcho-capitalist vision, a voluntaryist organization and an agorist practices as characteristics.


The anarchist socialist tradition use the term ''libertario'' to describe themselves and their ideas since 1857.  
Unlike the United States, in Italy and in the Movimento Libertario there are not internal controversies among the identity of libertarian term between libertarians members or a clear distinction between the right libertarian](paleolibertarian and libertarian conservatives) members and left libertarians (the latter understood in their sense of American left libertarians Rothbardian like agorist, [[panarchist]] not to the European libertarian socialists) because the libertarian schools no presents so significant differences in their common anti-state vision.


The French [[Anarchist communism|anarchist communist]] [[Joseph Déjacque]] employed the term ''libertario'' in a political sense in an open letter criticizing [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]].<ref name="Graham">''[[Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas]] - Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE-1939)]'', ed. [[Robert Graham (historian)|Robert Graham]]; includes English translations of Joseph Dejacque’s 1857 letter to Proudhon.</ref><ref name="dejacque">[http://joseph.dejacque.free.fr/ecrits/lettreapjp.htm “De l'être-humain mâle et femelle–Lettre à P.J. Proudhon par Joseph Déjacque”] (in [[French language|French]])</ref>
Moreover, these libertarian schools are not rooted in Italy if not with some representative members in the Movimento Libertario.


Déjacque said Proudhon was "libéral et non LIBERTAIRE", that is, the [[neologism]] was coined specifically as a distinction from the classical liberalism that Proudhon advocated in relation to economic exchange, in contrast to the more [[libertarian communist]] approach advocated by Déjacque.<ref name="Graham"/><ref name="Déjacque1857concerning">[http://joseph.dejacque.free.fr/etudes/neologisme.htm Pelosse, Valentin (1972). ''Joseph Déjacque and the Neologism Libertarian'']</ref>
The Movimento Libertario considers crucial to encourage what is common and unites all the various libertarian orientations, seeking to promote the protection of private property, free market and the natural law through actions and non-violent and peaceful means.


From 1858 until 1861 Déjacque published in New York a journal called ''Le Libertaire: Journal du Mouvement Social''.<ref name="Nettlau">''[http://joseph.dejacque.free.fr/libertaire/libertaire.htm Le Libertaire]—all editions online</ref><ref>{{cite book |title=A Short History of Anarchism |last=Nettlau |first=Max |authorlink=Max Nettlau |year=1996 |pages=75–6, 162}}</ref>  
===Structure and Membership===
The bodies of internal administration include the Managing Director, Board of Directors (B.o. D.), Assembly of Members (Meeting of Shareholders), Groups of Territorial Association (clans)<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=57 Movimento Libertario Clan libertarians] Italian map of the presence of local clan supporters ML.</ref>, Board of Auditors, and the Enclave of Essays.


Since the 1890s the term "libertarianism" has often been used as a synonym for left wing anarchism or [[libertarian socialism]],<ref name="Nettlau"/> and exclusively so until the 1950s in the United States.<ref name=whosalib>{{cite journal |last=Russell |first=Dean |year=1955 |month=May |title=Who Is A Libertarian? |journal=The Freeman |volume=5 |issue=5 |publisher=The Foundation for Economic Education |url=http://www.thefreemanonline.org/columns/who-is-a-libertarian/ |accessdate=March 6, 2010}}</ref><ref name=AnarchismVSI>Colin Ward, [http://books.google.com/books?id=kksrWshoIkYC ''Anarchism: A Very Short Introduction''], [[Oxford University Press]], 2004, p. 62. "For a century, anarchists have used the word 'libertarian' as a synonym for 'anarchist', both as a noun and an adjective. The celebrated anarchist journal ''Le Libertaire'' was founded in 1896. However, much more recently the word has been appropriated by various American free-market philosophers..."</ref><ref name=LibismAndAnarch>
The Statute of the Movimento Libertario describes and regulates all bodies of internal administration and their function.
* Goodway, David. Anarchists Seed Beneath the Snow. Liverpool Press. 2006, p. 4
* MacDonald, Dwight & Wreszin, Michael. Interviews with [[Dwight Macdonald]]. University Press of Mississippi, 2003. p. 82
* Gay, Kathlyn. Encyclopedia of Political Anarchy. ABC-CLIO / University of Michigan, 2006, p. 126
* [[George Woodcock|Woodcock, George]]. Anarchism: A History of Libertarian Ideas and Movements. Broadview Press, 2004. (Uses the terms interchangeably, such as on page 10)
</ref>
 
In the '60s of XX century, Italian jurist and philosophy classic liberal, [[Bruno Leoni]]<ref>Antonio Masala, ''Il liberalismo di Bruno Leoni'', Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2003.</ref>, introduced in Italy, American libertarianism concepts of natural right and ideology of private property ([[propertarianism]]) based on theorizations of Murray Newton Rothbard book ''[[Man, Economy, and State]]''.
 
In 1961, Leoni wrote his book ''[[Freedom and the Law]]''<ref>Bruno Leoni, [http://oll.libertyfund.org/index.php?option=com_staticxt&staticfile=show.php%3Ftitle=920&Itemid=27 ''Freedom and the Law''], New York, Nostrand, 1961</ref> in English, result of lectures in [[California]] in 1958.
 
In this work he points out the importance of the historical law (Roman jus civile and English [[Common law]]) and he is very critical towards modern legislation and the idea that law can be the simple outcome of a political decision.
 
Reflections on the law of Leoni, including criticism of [[Hans Kelsen]], help to better understand the extraordinary potential of the Austrian School of Social Sciences, which originated with [[Carl Menger]], [[Ludwig von Mises]], [[Friedrich von Hayek]]<ref>Carlo Lottieri, ''Bruno Leoni e l'ombra di Hayek. Libertà individuale, common law e Stato moderno'', in Antonio Masala, a cura di, ''La teoria politica di Bruno Leoni'', Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2005, p. 158.</ref> and Murray N. Rothbard.
 
Using the juridical methodological individualism, the analysis of institutions and the evolutionary origin of subjective value theory, Leoni has shown that not only the economy but the entire reflection on society can benefit greatly from the basic teachings of the austrian school.
 
Leoni did not introduced the term ''libertarianism'' in Italy but only the concepts, so these concepts strongly anti-state and against [[monopolism]] (see especially the essay  ''Mito e realtà dei monopoli'', 1965), have been interpreted by many Italians observers and intellectuals critics as a subspecies of Italian anarchism (''libertarism'').<ref>Carlo Lottieri, ''Le ragioni del diritto. Libertà individuale e ordine giuridico nel pensiero di Bruno Leoni'', Soveria Mannelli, Rubbettino, 2006.</ref>
 
{{Wiktionary|libertarian}}
 
[[Image:600pxanarchocapitalismsymbol.png|150px|right|thumb|The circle-A symbol with dollar sign is an [[anarcho-capitalist]] symbol representing [[anarchism]] and [[free market capitalism]]. This is the latest creation (2010) in [[anarcho-capitalist symbolism]].]]
 
In 1978 the French economist [[Henri Lepage]] with his book ''Demain le Capitalisme'' (''Capitalism Tomorrow'') based on an overview of the new libertarian thinkers, introduced in Europe the term ''libertarianism'' with the obvious intention to avoid misunderstandings; but after a decade of use of the Italian term ''libertario'' in reference to the concepts and principles of libertarianism, the libertarian ideas became famous under the name of ''libertarism''.
 
So in Italy coexists with the Italian term ''libertario'' the Anglo-Saxon meaning of concept libertarianism free market philosophy but also the traditional collectivist anarchism.
 
Italians libertarians of the Movimento Libertario use the Italian anarchic term ''libertario'' not to refer to European ideas and methods of traditional anarchism, but to refer to the concepts of principles of [[market liberalism]].
 
They want also to remark and increase the cultural distance from Italian and European conception of [[liberalism]], that in the XX century appeared as [[democratic liberalism]] forms of statism.
 
Italians libertarians of the ML are often prefer to define themselves as libertarians ''libertari'' but with adjective connotative of anarcho-capitalists, to distinguish themselves as pro-market supporters from the libertarians socialists or the traditionals anarchists.
 
It is prefers to use in the Italian anarchist context the indicative categories of anarcho-capitalism (as right anarchism) and [[anarcho-communist]] (as [[left anarchism]]) to indicate and clearly distinguish respectively the different [[Anarchist schools of thought|anarchist school of thought]] with Rothbardian inspiration on market and property (like the ML) from the communist inspired groups.
 
====Difference on concept of ''anarchy'' in the libertarian anarcho-capitalism from the others forms of anarchism====
 
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Anarcho-capitalism uses the following terms in ways that may differ from common usage or various anarchist movements.
*'''Anarchism:''' any philosophy that opposes all forms of initiatory coercion (includes opposition to the State)
*'''Contract:''' a voluntary binding agreement between persons
*'''Coercion:''' physical force or threat of such against persons or property
*'''Capitalism:''' economic system where the means of production are privately owned, and where investments, production, distribution, income, and prices are determined through the operation of a free market rather than by government
*'''Free market:''' a market where all decisions regarding transfer of money, goods (including capital goods), and services are voluntary
*'''Fraud:''' inducing one to part with something of value through the use of dishonesty
*'''State:''' an organization that taxes and engages in regularized and institutionalized aggressive coercion
*'''Voluntary:''' any action not influenced by coercion or fraud perpetrated by any human agency
|}
 
The American libertarianism, whether in the anarcho-capitalist form that in its various meanings attributable, claims its presence in the vision of anarchism, although this comes especially from classical liberalism carried to its extreme and radical considerations.<ref name="Norman P. Barry">Norman P. Barry, ''Del liberalismo classico e del libertarianismo'', ELiDiR , Roma, 1993</ref>
 
The anarchism in the anarcho-capitalism philosophy is a nonviolent form, that derives to the purpose of eliminate the State to realize a [[free market anarchism]] as [[voluntary society]], it is not an end in itself unlike of the [[European individualist anarchism|European anarchism traditional]] array, but rather the natural consequence of opposition to the statism.
 
Anarcho-capitalism is an individualist anarchism<ref>Adams, Ian. 2002. Political Ideology Today. p. 135. Manchester University Press; Ostergaard, Geoffrey. 2003. Anarchism. In W. Outwaite (Ed.), ''The Blackwell Dictionary of Modern Social Thought''. p. 14. Blackwell Publishing</ref> [[political philosophy]] that advocates the elimination of the Sovereign state and the elevation of the sovereign individual in a free market.
 
Traditional and collectivists Italian anarchists, they judge the ML as not a real anarchist movement, but they think that rather is a ploy of the classic liberal elite and middle class to increase social inequality.
 
They also consider that the term ''libertario'' or at least inappropriate for the nature of the movement within the Italian historical context.<ref name="Norman P. Barry" />.
 
The members of the Movimento Libertario rejects the manipolation of their identity and image by traditional and collectivist anarchists, and claim for themselves the correctness of the use of the definition of Italian anarchist libertarian (''libertari''), stressing their opposition to the use of bombs and violence by the [[insurrectionary anarchism]].
 
{{Anarchism portal}}
 
=====The criticism to the anarchism and anarcho-collectivist about the future perspective of society=====
 
{{See also|Anarchism and anarcho-capitalism}}
 
If the anarchism considers also the anarcho-capitalism as movement that tend to want to keep the rules without state, in turn the anarcho-capitalism considers acceptable only the rules that derives from natural rights.
 
The anarcho-capitalism libertarian criticizes the anarchism and [[collectivist anarchism]], because they tends to focus without consistency on the objectives anti-statists, they both believe that a [[spontaneous order]] based on market competition and exchange is impossible.
 
According to the anarchocapitalist, the traditional anarchism tends only to develop itself as an ultimate violent goal they interpret the concept of anarchy as synonymous of [[anomie]] without rules, scaring the people with the violence.
 
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The term ''anarcho-capitalism'' was most likely coined in 1968 by [[Jarrett Wollstein]] and revived by economist [[Murray Rothbard]].<ref name="konkininterview">{{cite web|url=http://www.spaz.org/~dan/individualist-anarchist/software/konkin-interview.html|title=Interview With Samuel Edward Konkin III}}</ref><ref>Rothbard, Murray N. (1988) "What's Wrong with Liberty Poll; or, How I Became a Libertarian", Liberty, July 1988, p.53</ref> Rothbard used the term ''anarcho-capitalism'' to distinguish his philosophy from anarchism that opposes private property,<ref>libertarianism. (2007). In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved 30 July 2007, from [http://search.eb.com/eb/article-234237 Encyclopædia Britannica Online]</ref> as well as to distinguish it from other forms of individualist anarchism.<ref name="autogenerated1">Murray Newton Rothbard Egalitarianism As A Revolt Against Nature And Other Essays: and other essays. Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2000. p.207</ref> Other terms sometimes used for this philosophy, though not necessarily outside anarcho-capitalist circles, include:
*anti-state capitalism
*anti-state marketism
*anarcho-liberalism<ref>Andrew Rutten. "Can Anarchy Save Us from Leviathan?" in ''The Independent Review'' vol. 3 nr. 4 p. 581. [http://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&lr=&cluster=1382637655942625437 Scholar.Google.com], [http://www.independent.org/pdf/tir/tir_03_4_rutten.pdf Independant.org] "He claims that the only consistent liberal is an anarcho-liberal."</ref>
*capitalist anarchism
*market anarchism
*free market anarchism
*individualist anarchism<ref>"Murray N. Rothbard (1926–1995), American economist, historian, and individualist anarchist." [[Paul Avrich|Avrich, Paul]]. Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America, Abridged Paperback Edition (1996), p. 282    "Although there are many honorable exceptions who still embrace the "socialist" label, most people who call themselves individualist anarchists today are followers of Murray Rothbard's Austrian economics, and have abandoned the labor theory of value." [[Kevin Carson|Carson, Kevin]]. Mutualist Political Economy, [http://www.mutualist.org/id112.html Preface].</ref>
*natural order<ref name="Hoppe-2001"/>
*ordered anarchy<ref name="Hoppe-2001"/>
*polycentric law
*the private-law society<ref name="Hoppe-2001"/>
*private-property anarchy<ref name="Hoppe-2001">[[Hans-Hermann Hoppe|Hoppe, Hans-Hermann]] (2001)[http://www.lewrockwell.com/hoppe/hoppe5.html "Anarcho-Capitalism: An Annotated Bibliography"] Retrieved 23 May 2005</ref>
*pure capitalism
*radical capitalism<ref name="Hoppe-2001"/>
*stateless capitalism
*stateless society
*stateless liberalism
*voluntaryism
|}
 
Traditional social anarchists are incapable of understanding the natural dynamics of free market economy choice and the difference with the corporative state economy, the anarcho-communism don't defend the freedom of choice through the abolition of property with the individual subordination to the community.
 
The Movimento Libertario believes that only the anarcho-capitalist option, based on [[private property]] and respect for natural rights, is a prerequisited for a future peaceful free-market society without a state in Italy.
 
The functions now performed by the [[Welfare State]] should return to free associations, community and voluntary philanthropic spirit.
 
In an anarcho-capitalist society, [[Police|law enforcement]], [[court]]s, and all other security services would be provided by voluntarily-funded competitors such as [[private defense agencies]] rather than through [[tax]]ation, and [[money]] would be [[free banking|privately and competitively provided]] in an open market.
 
According to anarcho-capitalists, personal and [[economic]] activities would be regulated by the [[natural law]]s of the [[market]] and through [[private law]] rather than through [[politics]].
 
Promoting a common framework of action and shared principles, does not mean that reality to must to be necessarily only a utilitarian development anarcho-capitalist model strictly, or necessarily a teleological-purposive as an anarcho-capitalist identity in terms of principal presence.
 
It is possible that within the general context of acceptance of [[property right]]s, free trade and non-aggression axiom between individuals, can be formed on the territory other future models related to different forms of social-economic libertarian perspectives in peaceful competition with each.<ref>Friedman, David D. ''The Machinery of Freedom''. Chapter 42</ref>
 
Although it is highly doubtful that these future models of alternative development they can lead wealth and prosperity if will miss the awareness of an underlying a future respect on the principles between people of enclaves.
 
Anarcho-capitalist libertarians believe that the only just, and/or most economically-beneficial, way to acquire property is through voluntary [[trade]], gift, or labor-based [[homestead principle (ethics)|original appropriation]], rather than through aggression or fraud.<ref>[[Paul Avrich|Avrich, Paul]]. ''Anarchist Voices: An Oral History of Anarchism in America, Abridged Paperback Edition (1996), p. 282</ref>
 
The Movimento Libertario want to match the prospective of context anarcho-capitalist the possible realizations of similar alternative developments.
 
==Cultural diffusion ==
 
{{Liberalism portal}}
{{Libertarianism portal}}
 
The Movimento Libertario, as cultural association intends to be an Italian promoter of the spread of [[classical liberalism]] and libertarian vision in policy, [[free market]] and [[economic liberalism]]) in economy. <ref name="aboutus">Leonardo Facco. [http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=48&Itemid=54 "Movimento Libertario: About Us"]. June 6, 2009.</ref>.
 
The motto is: "''Everyone is free to do what he thinks is right for himself, without attacking anyone, and without attacking the property rights of others''".
 
The movement's members believe that policy is especially spread of freedom as [[economic freedom]] culture: meetings, debates, on the web, and with conferences and publications <ref name="manifesto" />
 
===Inspiration===
 
{{Individualism sidebar}}
{{Objectivist movement}}
 
The Movimento Libertario is politically inspired by the classical liberalism of [[John Locke]] and the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] conjugated to nineteenth-century [[Individualist anarchism in the United States|American individualist anarchist]] strand of [[Benjamin Tucker]], [[Henry David Thoreau]] and [[Lysander Spooner]].<ref>Paolo Zanotto, [http://www.unisi.it/ricerca/dip/gips/document/monografie/mon_02.pdf ''Il Movimento Libertario americano dagli anni sessanta ad oggi: radici storico-dottrinali e discriminanti ideologico-politiche''], Siena, Università degli Studi di Siena, 2001. Archived from [http://www.unisi.it http://www.unisi.it]</ref>
 
In economy it is inspired on lessons of the [[Austrian school]] and in particular to the theoric formulation of the philosopher and economist libertarian anarcho-capitalist Murray N. Rothbard.
 
It also includes some aspects from the American model of liberty theorized by [[Robert Nozick]] ([[minarchism]]) and the [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Objectivism]] phylosophy described in novels by [[Ayn Rand]]<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=55  Movimento Libertario Libertarianism] political, cultural and economic references</ref>.
 
The Movimento Libertario refers to [[freedom of association]] of the anarchic federalism, anarcho-capitalist free market society and to the Jeffersonian limited government of classical liberalism.
 
The term "[[federalism]]" as it is used by the Movimento Libertario, in a sense to be in favor of a political of [[decentralization]] and for a real local fiscality against the [[centralism]] of the national Italian State<ref>[http://ricerca.gelocal.it/ilcentro/archivio/ilcentro/2005/10/05/CPAPO_CPA01.html ''Electoral Finance Act''] ''Il centro'' by Leonardo Facco. page 10. Retrieved on October 5, 2005. A comment by Leonardo Facco about proposals for fiscal federalism in Italy</ref>.
 
It is not used to mean the increase of central power.
 
The Movimento Libertario is an [[anti-federalist]] organization about the Europe, it is against the federal European Union government, preferring the voluntary accession and the unanimity of a [[Confederation]].
 
Historians Italian thinkers of reference for the Movimento Libertario in economy and policy include [[Ferdinando Galiani]], [[Cesare Beccaria]], Paolo Balsamo, [[Filippo Mazzei]], [[Emerico Amari]], Francesco Ferrara, Giuseppe Todde, Giovanni Pinna Ferrà, Tullio Martello, [[Carlo Cattaneo]], Edoardo Giretti, [[Gaetano Mosca]], [[Vilfredo Pareto]], [[Luigi Einaudi]], Bruno Leoni, [[Gianfranco Miglio]] and Sergio Ricossa.
 
===Publications===
 
Leonardo Facco, thanks to the encounter with the most important Italian libertarian thinkers (Carlo Lottieri, Alberto Mingardi, Carlo Stagnaro, Guglielmo Piombini, Nicola Iannello)<ref>Nicola Iannello, [http://www.univ.trieste.it/~etica/2003_2/iannello.htm ''Il libertarianism: saggio bibliografico''], in ''Etica & Politica'', 2, 2003. Arcived from [http://www.univ.trieste.it http://www.univ.trieste.it]</ref> founded in 1996 in Treviglio the ''[http://www.leonardofaccoeditore.com Leonardo Facco Editore]'' an independent publishing house.
 
It works to spread the concepts about the defense of liberty, property and people's lives that they are threatened daily by the actions of states, governments and public authorities.
 
The published books dealing history, sociology, political science and issues related the ecology of the market.
 
The Movimento Libertario through to the Leonardo Facco Editore periodically publish two magazines: ''I Fogli di Enclave'' and the magazine ''Enclave'' which give space to various political issues, cultural, social and economic libertarians Italian and international.
 
''[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59 ''I Fogli di Enclave'']''<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=71539 ''What and where''] ''L'Opinione''. Article on free magazine ''I Fogli di Enclave''. Retrieved on May 10, 2008.</ref> is a free bimonthly publication, while the magazine ''[http://www.leonardofaccoeditore.com/enclave/index.htm ''Enclave'']'' is a quarterly magazine founded in March 1998, available by subscription.
 
The Movimento Libertario is actively working through the magazine ''Enclave'' with Italian free market members of [[Bruno Leoni Institute]] [http://www.brunoleoni.it]: Alberto Mingardi (co-editor), Carlo Stagnaro (co-director) and [[Carlo Lottieri]] (Scientific Committee).
 
In Scientific Committee of ''Enclave'' magazine belong also: [[Walter Block]], [[David D. Friedman]], Raimondo Cubeddu, Romano Bracalini, [[Hans Hermann Hoppe]], [[John Hospers]], [[Antonio Martino]], Nicola Jannello, David B. Kopel, [[Pierre Lemieux]], [[Tibor R. Machan]], [[Jan Narveson]], [[Wendy McElroy]], Guglielmo Piombini, [[Ralph Raico]], Alberto Pasolini Zanelli, Sergio Ricossa, [[Robert Sirico]], [[Thomas S. Szasz]], Alessandro Vitale.
 
The Movimento Libertario collaborates actively with the members of [http://www.liberisti.org/ Swiss Liberist Party of Canton Ticino] and their Association (ALT), in cultural and economic free market iniziatives (conferences and publications like ''I Fogli di Enclave'') between libertarians subjects in Italy and Canton Ticino. 
 
In January 2010, Leonardo Facco, announced the intention to delegate ownership of his publishing company to the Movimento Libertario, in order to promote the continuity in the future of the activities of the movement by ensuring private self-financing through the sale of books and content published.
 
== Platform==
 
[[Image:Nolan-chart.svg|thumb|left|170px|The [[Nolan Chart]], with the traditional left-right [[political spectrum]], as seen by [[David Nolan (Libertarian Party)|David Nolan]], on the dashed diagonal]]
 
Respecting the historical definition of libertarian, unlike to the [[Libertarian Party (United States)]], the Movimento Libertario want bring in Italy the same contents of others libertarians parties and movements in the world  but with the practice of [[non-voting]]<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=10&art=70685 ''Classic liberals at the polls: what to do?''] ''L'Opinione'', by Gustavo Cevolani. Retrieved on April 10, 2008.</ref>, thus not directly participating in political Italian elections with the symbol of the Movimento Libertario <ref name="manifesto" /><ref name="statute" />.
 
Although in fact the Movimento Libertario is an officially registered Italian political party, as [[anti-statist]] party disclaims the [[Sovereign state|State]] legality and its political elections.
 
As a formal Italian political party it may decide to participate in the Italian political competition (at different levels) supporting from the outside its candidates through civic lists, or support the claims of parties close to its cultural vision in order to make its voice and disseminate ideas <ref name="statute" />.
 
The Movimento Libertario is not classifiable in the political-ideologic traditions of the twentieth century presents in Italy.
 
For its anti-statism positions in favor of free choice of individuals and free market, the Movimento Libertario is severely criticized by many Italian politicians.
 
Both centre-right and centre-left parties and coalitions in Italy, criticize the ML proposing about the economic cuts of taxes and the reduction of State presence in the economy.
 
In the civil rights context, the centre-right criticized the ML in particular for the individual choice about abortion and the anti-prohibitionism battle, while the centre-left for the private healthcare and the abolition of wiretaps by the judiciary.
 
Like other libertarians entities in the world, the subject respects the [[political spectrum]] of [[Nolan Chart]].
 
One of its slogans said: "''Neither right nor left, nor centrist. Simply free is better''".
 
===Internal libertarianism spectrum===
 
The Movimento Libertario is formally neutral as libertarian ideology, with an anarcho-capitalist and [[voluntaryist]] vision as its characteristic.
 
Unlike the U.S., in Italy and in the Movimento Libertario there are not internal controversies among the identity of libertarian term between libertarians members or a clear distinction between the [[right libertarian]]s ([[paleolibertarian]] and [[libertarian conservatism|libertarian conservatives]]) members and left libertarians (the latter understood in their sense of American left libertarians Rothbardian like [[agorist]], [[panarchist]] not to the European libertarian socialists) because the libertarian schools no presents so significant differences in their common anti-state vision.
 
Moreover, these alternative libertarian schools are not present or they are not rooted in Italy if not with some representative members in the Movimento Libertario.
 
==== The case of "anarchists analytical"====
 
Outside the Movimento Libertario, there are some Italians [[individual anarchist]] and former libertarians (like [[Luigi Corvaglia]], Ricccardo La Conca, Fabio Massimo Nicosia) called "anarchists analytical" that have not joined in the ML, preferring a vision of theoretical synthesis between Rothbardian libertarianism and anarchism or libertarian socialism.
 
In the "anarchists analytical" group (that is not a political party but only a cultural movement), the coherent and rigorous vision of the Movimento Libertario about the defense of market ideas in all its aspects, is often interpreted and criticized as a tendency to moral conservatism (without any form of ethical relativism).
 
If this is true as regards the theoretical level of the libertarian principles on the natural rights of property and about the free market, it is false as regards the freedom of individual choice (for himself in the context of respect of the others individuals).
 
=== Structure and membership===
 
The bodies of internal administration include the Managing Director, Board of Directors (B.o. D.), Assembly of Members (Meeting of Shareholders), Groups of Territorial Association ([[clans]])<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=57 Movimento Libertario Clan libertarians] Italian map of the presence of local clan supporters ML.</ref>, Board of Auditors, and the Enclave of Essays.
 
The Statute of the Movimento Libertario<ref name="statute"/> describes and regulates all bodies of internal administration and their function.


Leonardo Facco co-founder of the Association, represents from 2007 till 2011 (in according to the statute and to the internal democracy of members of Association) the role of Managing Director of the Movimento Libertario.
Leonardo Facco co-founder of the Association, represents from 2007 till 2011 (in according to the statute and to the internal democracy of members of Association) the role of Managing Director of the Movimento Libertario.
Line 291: Line 68:
He represents the Movimento Libertario in their official activity.
He represents the Movimento Libertario in their official activity.


The Movimento Libertario is organized by a system of free participation of shareholders, registered members, and sympathizers on the Italian territory.  
The Movimento Libertario is organized by a system of free participation of shareholders, registered members, and sympathizers on the Italian territory.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3635:tesseramento-2010-contiamo-su-di-voi&catid=1:latest-news ''Membership 2010!. We count on you!''] Retrived on December 31, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5528:libertari-non-si-nasce-si-diventa&catid=1:latest-news  ''Libertarians are not born, they become!''] by Board of Directors of the Movimento Libertario. Retrived on May 23, 2010.</ref>


Any adult who registers and pays a participation fee becomes a shareholder member of the movement and therefore acquired the right to vote and actively participate to the meetings of internal bodies.  
Any adult who registers and pays a participation fee becomes a shareholder member of the movement and therefore acquired the right to vote and actively participate to the meetings of internal bodies.


Minors, even if authorized by a single parent, may be enrolled only as members sympathizers with no rights to vote.
Minors, even if authorized by a single parent, may be enrolled only as members sympathizers with no rights to vote.


===Principles===
{{Libertarianism sidebar}}
The Movimento Libertario in its founding act declares and acknowledges libertarian principles as internals to its Statute<ref name="statute" />:
* The  [[Political freedom|Freedom]], understood as the absence of constraint is a natural right of the individual, which nobody (private or public organization) must threaten;
* The [[Government]], in its various variants, forces people to obey blindly and accept legislation invasive and oppressive monopoly;
* Everyone has the right to seek their own happiness and that of his loved ones, taking responsibility for their actions;
* Each individual is entitled organize in freedom themselves to protect their lives and their belongings, particularly given the enormous difficulties posed by the power of politicians at all levels;


==Principles==
In its party's constitution, ML acknowledges the following libertarian principles:
* Freedom understood as the absence of constraint is a natural right of the individual, which nobody (private or public organization) must threaten.
* The government in its various variants forces people to obey blindly and accept legislation invasive and oppressive monopoly.
* Everyone has the right to seek their own happiness and that of his loved ones, taking responsibility for their actions.
* Each individual is entitled organize in freedom themselves to protect their lives and their belongings, particularly given the enormous difficulties posed by the power of politicians at all levels.
* The need to eliminate and reduce the state, politicians and bureaucracies in the everyday life, increasingly recognizing the dignity of all people working really, producing their own resources and possessions.
* The need to eliminate and reduce the state, politicians and bureaucracies in the everyday life, increasingly recognizing the dignity of all people working really, producing their own resources and possessions.
* Property is a natural and inalienable right of man, primarily the property of themselves, of the own bodies and of one's life.


* The Property is a natural and inalienable right of man, is primarily the property of themselves, of the own bodies and of one's life.
It can not be granted or denied by any social system, whether democratic or authoritarian.
Property also means all that belongs to the person and that is not the result of an act of violence, but by the work of the person, the acquisition and transformation of the state of nature and with free interaction of individuals<ref name="manifesto" />.
===Purpose===
The Movimento Libertario, as political movement, is founded with the aim of reducing government to its lowest terms, in order to provide space for free interaction between individuals, or community consensus of individuals, who seek redress of their market needs <ref name="manifesto" /><ref name="aboutus" />.
Every member is said to have a moral duty to liberate the forces of civil society and free trade, eliminating any form of intervention in defense of individual liberties <ref>Leonardo Facco. [http://digilander.libero.it/cssc/liborg/documenti/Programma_politico.pdf "Political Program of the Movimento Libertario"]</ref>.
The Movimento Libertario Statute<ref name="statute" /> considers necessary for Italy:
* The return to full and effective [[Self-ownership|individual sovereignty]] over their lives and their belongings, which belongs to the natural right to govern themselves through non-violent methods of coercion or by exercising the right to self-determination is that the sacred principles of resistance and opposition to any kind of tax;
* The rights of the individual nature of a right of ownership of their bodies and their belongings held lawfully, in fulfillment of the Rothbardian [[Non-aggression axiom]]:
{{quotation| ''"I define [[anarchist]] society as one where there is no legal possibility for coercive aggression against the person or property of any individual. Anarchists oppose the State because it has its very being in such aggression, namely, the expropriation of private property through taxation, the coercive exclusion of other providers of defense service from its territory, and all of the other depredations and coercions that are built upon these twin foci of invasions of individual rights."'' - [[Murray Newton Rothbard]] in ''Society and State''}}
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As is registered in its name, the Movimento Libertario wants promote in the Italian civil society the natural rights to life, liberty, property and the pursuit of happiness.
Each share of the Movimento, which would achieve the above purposes, is based on the principle of [[non-violence]]: "''no one can attack the person and the property of others''"<ref name="manifesto" />.


====Policy positions====
==Cultural Association==
=====Economy=====
As a cultural association, ML aims at promoting anarchism in Italy. The association's motto is "Everyone is free to do what he thinks is right for himself, without attacking anyone, and without attacking the property rights of others". As such, the group organizes meetings, debates and conferences and issues publications.


{{Austrian School sidebar}}
<!-- ML, as cultural association, aims at promoting libertarianism in Italy. The association's motto is "Everyone is free to do what he thinks is right for himself, without attacking anyone, and without attacking the property rights of others". As such the group organizes meetings, debates and conferences, and issues publications. earlier version; please merge -->
 
Supports the abolition of taxation in all forms and it is against regulation of free trade, including tariffs, price controls, coercive insurance, and production quotas.
An intermediate target on which to engage is the institutionalization of a flat tax whose rate is as low as possible (for example 22%) and one or more, no-tax area.<ref name="policy">Leonardo Facco. [http://digilander.libero.it/cssc/liborg/enclave/APPENDICE.doc" Appendix to Manifesto Libertario"], 2005.</ref>
 
The Movimento Libertario is an [[Eurosceptic]] movement, critical of the [[Euro]] and the presence of a European common economic monetary policy represented and direct by the [[European Central Bank]] and the [[European Commission]].<ref name="policy" />
 
It is in favor of a return to the gold standard and to a [[free banking]] system.<ref name="policy" />
 
Does not recognize the legality and legitimacy of the [[WTO]], [[IMF]], [[World Bank]] because they are statist organizations contrary to the principles of non-interference of governments in a free market economy.
 
The Movimento Libertario is in favour of free market [[capitalism]], supports market [[liberalization]] and [[deregulation]], it also supports [[privatization]] of State economy sector ([[state monopoly capitalism]]).
 
{{Capitalism}}
 
 
It is against [[statism]] and [[protectionism]], rejects public and private [[mixed economies]], opposed to marxian [[communism]], [[fascist]] economic planning ([[corporativism]]) and keynesians socialists interventions in economy by the State ([[state capitalism]]) and politics.
 
Believes work can not be regarded either as a right nor a duty, but only as a free choice of the individual, and as such, the work should not be subject to collective agreements or limited by rules.
 
The collective agreement is deemed unconstitutional.<ref name="policy" />
 
It is in favor of the abolition of professional orders of state; is not contrary to private professional orders and supports their spontaneous formation, but feel the problem arises from the institutionalization of professional orders of state and the choice of these same associations to act as a single party monopoly.
Accession to the orders should not be imposed by law.<ref name="policy" />
 
Supports the abolition of all business licenses; no price controls, balances, and no limitation in the initiation of new activities (such as limitations on the area or otherwise) may be exercised by the state and its territorial authorities.<ref name="manifesto" />
 
The Movimento Libertario recognizes the need for an emphasis on clarity of information to the public on the free choice of consumers.<ref name="policy" />
 
=====Foreign policy =====
 
The vision of the Movimento Libertario is an international foreign policy of [[nonintervention]] and non-violence like proposed by candidate for President of the [[United States]] in 2008,  [[Libertarian Republican|libertarian-republican]] Congressman [[Ron Paul]]<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2339 Movimento Libertario Who is Ron Paul?.] Summary sheet on Ron Paul and his political program in view of the U.S. presidential election of 2008 and why the Movimento Libertario shares his policy proposals.</ref>.
 
The movement is against any increase in military spending or strengthening of armaments by the Italian State, even within the [[NATO]] (considered a military structure no longer necessary, and outside the context of the original defensive operations) and is against any form of war, violent conflict or international interventions on foreign soil by Italian troops in line with the Rothbardian axiom of nonaggression <ref name="manifesto" /><ref name="policy" />;
 
The legality and legitimacy of the [[United Nations]] is questioned because it is contrary to the principle of a world without the presence of the State.
 
The [[European Union]] is considered a bureaucratic organization for the European Big Government, with the aim to reduce the free economy and the organization of the territory through central control.
 
The [[Lisbon Treaty]] adoption is not supported but the movement is not theoretically against the possible realization of a [[referendum]] for the free choice of Italians.
 
The movement supports individual and territorial separatism and indipendentism, the right of free self-determination of peoples and recognizing areas ([[enclave]]) within a framework of regional political autonomy within a loose opening of trade between regions <ref name="policy" />.
 
Switzerland is considered an important model of [[federalist]] system both for the good economy development that for balanced policy organization of the territory.
 
=====Security=====
 
The Movimento Libertario favors the reduction of telephone tapping and registration requirement for the list of suspects intercepted, localization of security forces (more power to the municipal police as opposed to a reduction of the national police), supports experiments in privatization of police (without internal interferences of any Italian political party) in small towns, the strengthening the function of the justice of the peace and introduction of arbitration, and recognition and guarantee of the right to possess arms in defense of private property and life of each individual<ref name="policy" />
 
=====Civil Rights=====
 
{{Freedom}}
 
The Movimento Libertario favors the  [[Freedom of will|freedom of choice]] of individuals within the natural rights of property ([[negative rights]]) and liberty ([[negative liberty]]) and has the position to be free is to agree to recognize responsibility for personal actions and not to delegate to others their own choices, or do so in an informed way <ref name="manifesto" /><ref name="policy" />.
 
The movement supports a depenalization of light drugs (such as [[cannabis]]); supports the individual right to [[prostitution]] and [[abortion]].<ref name="policy" />
 
The movement is contrary to any form of restriction of freedom, control or censorship by the state, the imposition of coercive state abortion, the financing of every kind of marriage by the state<ref>[http://ilgiorno.ilsole24ore.com/brescia/cronaca/locale/2009/09/29/238358-siamo_uguali_carcerati_tempo_misurato_vedere_quelli_sono_nostri_figli.shtml ''We are equal to the prisoners, measured time to see who are our children'']  [[Il Giorno (newspaper)|Il Giorno]], by Magda Biglia, Retrieved on September 29, 2009.</ref>, and the [[prohibition]] of drugs, alcohol and smoking <ref name="policy" />.
 
=====Education=====
 
The Movimento Libertario is favorable to the [[homeschooling]] and to freedom of teaching and choice.
 
=====Health=====
 
The Movimento Libertario is favorable to the creation of a pattern of private health care.
 
This is to avoid the justification for state control over private behavior motivated by the fact that the state spends money on health <ref name="policy" />.
 
=====Science=====
 
{{for|Movimento Libertario and the right to sow GMO maize|Giorgio Fidenato#The right to sow GMO maize}}
 
 
The Movimento Libertario favors the free cultivation and the free marketing of seeds and [[GMO]] foods and no limits to GMOs in Italy, consumer freedom to choose their own products<ref name="policy" />, and freedom of private scientific research as long as it respect the natural human rights and it does not use public money.
 
The Movimento Libertario does not support the theory of [[global warming]].
 
=====Speech=====
 
The Movimento Libertario favors the right to freedom of speech and freedom of the networks and media <ref name="policy" />.
 
The movement is against public funding of political parties, newspapers and denominational schools, and Italian public television paid for through taxes<ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/stop_allabbonamento_raccomandata_e_516_euro/27-09-2009/articolo-id=385900-page=0-comments=1 ''Stop subscription with a recommendation and 5.16 euro''] ''[[Il Giornale]]'', by Felice Manti. Retrieved on September 27, 2009</ref><ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/io_li_ho_messi_sacco_cosi_si_sono_arresi/evasione_fiscale-leonardo_facco-canone_rai/29-09-2009/articolo-id=386395-page=0-comments=1 "''I've put them in the bag: so they are surrendered''"] ''[[Il Giornale]]'' by Felice Manti. Retrieved on September 29, 2009. An interview to Leonardo Facco about the payment of public television fee</ref>.
 
===Relationship with other liberal italians intellectuals and political party===
 
{{Liberalism sidebar}}
 
Among the political groups outside the ML there is the case of the [[Italian Radicals]] members of the Italian [[Radical Party (Italy)|Radical Party]] that refer to certain principles of [[libertarian left|left libertarianism]], which although part of the coalition of centre-left with [[Democratic Party (Italy)|Democratic Party]], they offer a [[social liberalism|social liberal]] view favorable to free market and private property, together with a vision of the left liberalism in particular as regards the vision of civil rights and the secular State.
 
The Italian Radicals called sometimes themselves as "socialists", but they are not properly defined within a European vision of libertarianism of the left (radical socialism) because they are members of the [[ELDR]] group in the [[European Parliament]] and their economic battles are in favor of free markets and for an American reform of Italian institutions.
 
Their vision is similar to the American left libertarians for their [[pacifism]] and nonviolence with some elements of libertarian socialism although historically they tend to refer to [[Radical Party (Italy, 1877)|Italian radical risorgimental]] and to the [[Radical Party (France)|left reformist French]] models.
 
Many left-wing Italian parties refuse to recognize the Italian Radicals status of subject to left party althought their State vision is very similar to the  [[Progressivism in the United States|American "''liberals''"]] in many contexts.
 
Very often, the Italian Radicals are politically out of the coalitions as a third party.
 
Although the Movimento Libertario differ on many points from the Italian Radicals, it maintains close relations with them and their media (like [[Radio Radicale]] <ref>[http://www.radioradicale.it/soggetti/leonardo-facco Radio registrations about Leonardo Facco on Radio Radicale broadcasts.]</ref><ref>[http://www.radioradicale.it/soggetti/giorgio-fidenato Radio registrations about Giorgio Fidenato on Radio Radicale broadcasts.]</ref>) in particular as regards the battle against the withholding tax.
 
Giorgio Fidenato and the Movimento Libertario, has received support by the Italian Radicals of [[Marco Pannella]] by secretary, Mario Staderini<ref>[http://www.radicali.it/view.php?id=149336 ''Interview with Mario Staderini: "No Longer with the PD Unable to Fight"''], ''L'Opinione'' by Dimitri Buffa. Retrived on November 19, 2009. Archived from [http://www.radicali.it/view.php?id=149336 http://www.radicali.it/]</ref><ref>[http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/messaggeroveneto/2009/11/19/PN_02_PNB2.html ''Fidenato process, Italian Radicals protests''] ''Messaggero Veneto'', page 2. Retrived on November 19, 2009. Archived from [http://ricerca.repubblica.it/ http://www.repubblica.it/]</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3957%3Asantarossa-lista-bonino-si-allabolizione-del-sostituto-dimposta&catid=1%3Alatest-news&Itemid=1 ''Santarossa (Bonino List): Yes abolition of withholding tax!''] Retrived on January 28, 2010.</ref> and others association in the battle over the withholding tax.<ref>[http://ricerca.gelocal.it/messaggeroveneto/archivio/messaggeroveneto/2009/11/12/PN_04_PND1.html  ''Fidenato, the battle with the Inland Revenue continues with the process and the sit-in''] ''Messaggero Veneto'', by Elena Del Giudice, page 4. Retrived on November 12, 2009.</ref>
 
Giorgio Fidenato, as representative of the Movimento Libertario, was invited to discuss his case at the national conference of the Italian Radicals in [[Chianciano Terme]] (in Province of [[Siena]]) in November 2009.<ref>[http://vimeo.com/7667910 Video on the speech of Giorgio Fidenato in Congress of Italian Radicals] held in Chianciano Terme in November 2009.</ref>
 
On April 30 2010, Elisabetta Zamparutti Italian Radical member of [[Italian Parliament]] in Environment Committee turned her solidarity to the Movimento Libertario, Federated Farmers and Giorgio Fidenato, claiming their action of nonviolent civil disobedience for the sown of GMO maize, arguing the need to open Italy to the cultivation of GMOs.<ref>[http://www.radicali.it/view.php?id=156553 ''GMO, Zamparutti: The act of civil disobedience on GMO research and helps agriculture''] Retrived on April 30, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5076:marcia-del-mais-sostegno-della-deputata-radicale-zamparutti&catid=1:latest-news ''March of the corn: Radical support by Zamparutti MIP!''] Retrived on May 1, 2010.</ref>
 
On May 4, 2010, Italian Radicals parliamentaries Elisabetta Zamparutti, Marco Beltrandi, Rita
Bernardini, Maria Antonietta Farina Coscioni, Matteo Mecacci e Maurizio Turco ([[Lista Emma Bonino]] in the [[Democratic Party (Italy)|PD]]) have deposited (and publishing the following day) a parliamentary question written to [[Italian Minister of the Interior]], [[Roberto Maroni]] and to the new [[Italian Minister of Agriculture]], [[Giancarlo Galan]] to know what they are going to do on possible new attacks in the future headquarters of Italian Federated Farmers
and on the issue of GMOs.
 
Parliamentary questions mentions that the Italian government still does not recognize to Giorgio Fidenato, the Italian Federated Farmers, the Movimento Libertario and Futuragra the right to sown GMO maize, as determined by decision of the [[Italian Council of State]] and European Community Directive.
 
In the Italian Radicals parliamentary questions there are also refers threats to person and property received by Giorgio Fidenato and Italian Federated Farmers by environmentalists, anti-globalization and communist movements.<ref>[http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050  ''Assembly Reports''] Annex B Seat N°316, May 4, 2010. Italian parliamentary question of the Italian Radicals to the Italian minister of the Interior and to his colleague to the Italian Agriculture. Archived from [http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 http://www.camera.it]</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5158:semina-ogm-aggressione-a-fidenato-interrogazione-dellonorevole-zamparutti-e-colleghi&catid=1:latest-news#yvComment5158 ''GMO sowing, assault to Fidenato: question italian parliamentary member Zamparutti and colleagues!''] Retrived on May 5, 2010.</ref>
 
Among the political groups outside the ML there is also the case of the association Libertiamo that refer to certain principles of liberalism.
 
The members comes from [[Liberal Reformers]] party and from historical factions of classical liberals, fiscal conservatives and liberal-conservatives of [[Forza Italia]] party and some ''finiano'' member of [[National Alliance (Italy)|National Alliance]].
 
[http://www.libertiamo.it Libertiamo] is a minor internal cultural faction of centre-right party [[The People of Freedom]], that is favorable to free market vision with freedom choice about bioethical themes like abortion and [[stem cells]] research and [[Free-market environmentalism|free-market environmentalist]] policy.
 
Libertiamo althought the name that recall libertarian brand, is not a libertarian faction but a liberal-conservatives and liberal-democratic think tank.
 
The Movimento Libertario don't have a particular relations with this association, although it still has given its formal support against the withholding tax<ref>[http://www.libertiamo.it/2009/11/16/la-battaglia-di-fidenato-la-supponenza-dellavvocato/ ''The Battle of Fidenato, the arrogance of the advocate''] by Piercamillo Falasca. Retrived on November 16, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.libertiamo.it/2009/11/19/il-giudice-rinvia-a-gennaio-liniziativa-di-fidenato-sul-sostituto-dimposta-continua/ ''The court refers in January, Fidenato initiative continues on withholding tax''] by Piercamillo Falasca. Retrived on November 19, 2009.</ref>, supporting Giorgio Fidenato and the right to sow GMO maize.<ref>[http://www.libertiamo.it/2010/04/30/ogm-la-disobbedienza-civile-di-fidenato-i-buoni-frutti-del-pragmatismo-e-le-bacche-velenos-degli-ambientalisti/ ''GMOs: civil disobedience Fidenato, the good fruits of pragmatism and berries poisonous environmentalists''] by Piercamillo Falasca. Retrived on April 30, 2010.</ref> and mentions some initiatives of the ML on its website.<ref>[http://www.libertiamo.it/2010/03/13/15-marzo-a-milano-in-scena-una-provocazione-libertaria-contro-le-tasse/ ''March 15 in Milan, staged a libertarian provocation against taxes''] Retrived on March 13, 2010</ref>.
 
===Activities===
====Against taxes====
 
[[Image:Movimento_Libertario_rally_in_Pordenone.jpg|300px|right|thumb|Demonstration against the [[withholding tax]] in [[Pordenone]] organized by the [[Libertarian Movement (Italy)|Movimento Libertario]] and others associations in November 19, 2009. In the photo there are also the tree founders of the ML: [[Leonardo Facco]] (Managing Director ML), [[Giorgio Fidenato]] (coordinator ML), Marcello Mazzilli (spokesman ML).]]
 
From March 2010, the Movimento Libertario collaborates and participates actively in the initiative offered by [http://www.confcontribuenti.eu/ Confcontribuenti], a Confederation of Italian taxpayers.
 
Confcontribuenti supports the Movimento Libertario and Giorgio Fidenato in his battle against withholding tax.<ref>[http://www.confcontribuenti.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=70:sostituto-dimposta&catid=41:sostituto-dimposta&Itemid=64 ''Withholding tax''] Retrived on February 3, 2010.</ref>
<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=3&art=90283 ''The Battle of Confcontribuenti for the abatement of taxes unfair''] ''l'Opinione'' by Stefano Magni. Retrived on March 11, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.confcontribuenti.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=71%3A1-aprile-sentenza-sul-sostituto-dimposta&catid=34%3Aultime-notizie&Itemid=1 ''1 April: ruling on withholding tax''] Retrived on February 3, 2010.</ref>
 
The Movimento Libertario wants to create a critical mass of owners and tax payers to launch peacefully Italian protests against the government tax collectors<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=3&art=66631 ''"We defend the money from the theft of state!"''] ''L'Opinione'' by Stefano Magni. Retrieved on December 1, 2007.</ref><ref>[http://www.brunoleoni.it/nextpage.aspx?codice=5684 ''Taxes? If no one likes to pay them a reason there will be...''] ''L'Occidentale'', by Carlo Stagnaro. Retrieved on October 8, 2007. Archived by [http://www.brunoleoni.it http://www.brunoleoni.it]</ref>, like the case of [[Tea party protests]] US <ref name="manifesto" /><ref name="aboutus" /><ref>[http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio-local/Tasse-c-e-chi-vuole-boicottare-i-prodotti-sardi/1603547/6 ''Taxes, there are those who want to boycott products Sardinian''] ''La Nuova, nuova Sardegna'', by Alfredo Franchini, page 3. Retrieved on May 11, 2007. Archived by [http://espresso.repubblica.it http://espresso.repubblica.it]</ref><ref>[http://espresso.repubblica.it/dettaglio-local/Tasse-sul-lusso-rivolta-via-web/1608496/6 ''Taxes on luxury, addressed via Web''] ''La Nuova, nuova Sardegna''. Retrieved on May 14, 2007. Archived by [http://espresso.repubblica.it http://espresso.repubblica.it]</ref>.
 
On May 20, 2010 the Movimento Libertario will be at [[Prato]] for the first Italian Tea Party, an organized meeting to discuss the excessive tax burden in Italy and the classic liberals and liberist solutions to economic crisis.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4830:prato-il-primo-tea-party-italiano&catid=1:latest-news ''Prato, the first Italian Tea Party''] Retrived on April 15, 2010.</ref>
 
The meeting will be organized against any State intervention and anti-socialization of our economy, to claim the right to personal autonomy and individual responsibility.
 
=====About the withholding tax=====
 
{{for|the Movimento Libertario against the withholding tax|Giorgio Fidenato#Against the withholding tax}}
 
====Selling our vote====
 
In view of the ruling on the case of [[Giorgio Fidenato]] on [[withholding tax]], the Movimento Libertario have presented in Pordenone (for the 2010 regional elections in Italy on March 28–29), an initiative entitled: "Selling our vote" <ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3889:regionali-vendiamo-il-nostro-voto-per-fidenato&catid=1:latest-news "Selling our vote"] Iniziative of the Movimento Libertario in supports of Giorgio Fidenato against withholding tax during regional elections in Italy of 2010. Retrieved on January 20, 2010.</ref>.
 
The intent was  to sign a contract for the candidates in the elections in which they undertook to support, in every way and publicly, the battle of Fidenato against the withholding tax.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4004:regionali-2010-contratto-di-cessione-del-voto&catid=1:latest-news ''Regional 2010, Contract of Sale of Voting!''] Copy of the module for the political supports in favour to Giorgio Fidenato in the battle against withholding tax. Retrieved on February 1, 2010.</ref>
 
The supporters and members of the Movimento Libertario undertook to support in public the political candidates signers, guaranteeing to them the participation of Italian libertarian voters to the regional vote.
 
This initiative builds on the initiatives of the [[Americans for Tax Reform]] by [[Grover Norquist]].
 
Norquist and his association against [[taxes]] are committed to supporting the various candidates in American elections only after obtaining from them a substantial commitment to fight for tax cuts.
 
In the 2010 regional elections in Italy, the Movimento Libertario have supported the Italian Radicals regionals candidates with their ([[Bonino-Pannella List]]), signers of the contract "Selling our vote".<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4086:8-candidati-campani-insieme-a-giorgio-fidenato&catid=1:latest-news ''6(+1) Campania candidates with Giorgio Fidenato!'']. Retrived on February 9, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4100:anche-cappato-sottoscriv-il-contratto-di-cessione-del-voto&catid=1:latest-news ''Cappato also endorses the contract of sale vote!'']. Retrived on February 10, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4109:dalla-puglia-adesione-al-contratto-di-qcessione-del-votoq&catid=1:latest-news ''Puglia adhesion to the contract of assignment of the vote''] Retrived on February 11, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4122:contratto-cessione-voto-unaltra-adesione-da-napoli&catid=1:latest-news  ''Assignment contract vote, another membership to Naples!''] by Domenico Letizia. Retrived on February 12, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4141:contratto-di-cessione-del-voto-unaltra-sottoscrizione-dalla-calabria&catid=1:latest-news ''Assignment of contract vote, another subscription from Calabria!''] Retrived on February 13, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4148:vendiamo-il-nostro-voto-unaltra-adesione-dalla-toscana&catid=1:latest-news ''Sell our vote, another membership from Tuscany!''] Retrived on February 14, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.casertanews.it/public/articoli/201002/art_20100216081418.htm ''Domenico Letizia between candidates Bonino-Pannella List to the Campania Region'']. Retrived on February 16, 2010</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4183:vendiamo-il-nostro-voto-lassoziazione-radicali-qenzo-tortoraq-aderisce&catid=1:latest-news ''Sell our vote, Radicals Association "Enzo Tortora" joins''] Retrived on February 17, 2010</ref>
 
Confcontribuenti, as an independent association from the Movimento Libertario, created another very similar contract of commitment to political candidates in Italian regional elections 2010, to support the tax cuts.
 
====Seminary on Vivien Kellems====
 
{{Tax resistance}}
 
Between 25 and 27 June 2010, the Movimento Libertario will hold in [[Bergamasco (AL)]] ([[Province of Alessandria]]) a three days of seminar and studies with theoretical learning and practical training on principles of libertarianism in economy, policy and culture in the contemporary society.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4380:primo-seminario-vivien-kellems&catid=1:latest-news ''First seminar Vivien Kellems''] Retrived on March 11, 2010.</ref>
 
This first seminar will entitled "''Vivien Kellems. The rigor of the ideas, the power of action''" and it will dedicated in honor of American entrepreneur [[Vivien Kellems]] and her battle over withholding tax in 1948 that she has described herself in her book ''Toil, Taxes and Trouble''.<ref>On the Kellems case, see Vivien Kellems, ''Toil, Taxes and Trouble'' (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1952)</ref>
 
This historical fact became a model for the Italian libertarian farmer Giorgio Fidenato to start his [[civil disobedience]] and [[Tax resistance]] against the Italian [[withholding tax]].
 
The Kellems case was presented also by [[Murray Newton Rothbard]] in his book ''[[For a New Liberty]]'' <ref>Murray Newton Rothbard, ''[[For a New Liberty]]. The Libertarian Manifesto.'', pag. 86, (New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., Inc., 1973). Archived from [http://mises.org/rothbard/newlibertywhole.asp http://mises.org/]</ref>:
 
{{quotation|''The withholding feature of the income tax is a still more clear-cut instance of involuntary servitude. For as the intrepid Connecticut industrialist Vivien Kellems argued years ago, the employer is forced to expend time, labor, and money in the business of deducting and transmitting his employees' taxes to the federal and state governments — yet the employer is not recompensed for this expenditure. What moral principle justifies the government's forcing employers to act as its unpaid tax collectors? The withholding principle, of course, is the linchpin of the whole federal income tax system. Without the steady and relatively painless process of deducting the tax from the worker's paycheck, the government could never hope to raise the high levels of tax from the workers in one lump sum. Few people remember that the withholding system was only instituted during World War II and was supposed to be a wartime expedient. Like so many other features of State despotism, however, the wartime emergency measure soon became a hallowed part of the American system. It is perhaps significant that the federal government, challenged by Vivien Kellems to test the constitutionality of the withholding system, failed to take up the challenge. In February 1948 Miss Kellems, a small manufacturer in Westport, Connecticut, announced that she was defying the withholding law and was refusing to deduct the tax from her employees. She demanded that the federal government indict her, so that the courts would be able to rule on the constitutionality of the withholding system. The government refused to do so, but instead seized the amount due from her bank account. Miss Kellems then sued in federal court for the government to return her funds. When the suit finally came to trial in February 1951, the jury ordered the government to refund her money. But the test of constitutionality never came''. - [[Murray Newton Rothbard]] in [[For a New Liberty]]}}
 
The seminar will open to young people that having registered their participation in the site of the ML.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4380:primo-seminario-vivien-kellems&catid=1:latest-news ''Enrolment at the first seminar Vivien Kellems''] Retrived on March 11, 2010</ref>
 
The event will see the presence of many Italian libertarian personalities of journalism, culture and communication, law and Austrian economy in the role of teachers for the participants.
 
In addition to the organizers Leonardo Facco, Giorgio Fidenato and Carmelo Miragliotta is expected to attend Piero Vernaglione, Francesco Carbone, Chiara Battistoni, Carlo Zucchi, Alessandro Vitale, Massimo Pongolini, Paolo Bernardini and Gaetano Elnekave.
 
====Interlibertarians 2011: First International Libertarians Congress====
 
Free market Swiss liberist of Canton Ticino and members of the Movimento Libertario will organize for 26 and 27 March 2011 in [[Lugano]] ([[Canton Ticino]] Switzerland)<ref>[http://web.mac.com/rcortonesi/INTERLIB/Sito/Where_to_meet_up.html ''Where to meet''] section of [http://www.interlibertarians.org/ Interlibertarians] official site</ref> an international event in open associations with other available free market and libertarians organizations.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4475:interlibertarian-primo-congresso-internazionale-dei-libertari&catid=1:latest-news ''Interlibertarians: First International Libertarians Congress] by Leonardo Facco. Retrived on March 19, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://homepage.mac.com/rcortonesi/Sites/ENCLAVE11.pdf ''What an idea: The Libertarian International!''] ''Enclave'' n°11, page 1, by Giovanni de Consoli. Retrived on February 2010. Archived from [http://www.liberisti.org/ http://www.liberisti.org/]</ref>
 
The event which is supposed to be held once a year in Switzerland, it will called "''Interlibertarians''".
 
"''Interlibertarians 2011''" will want to be the first conference of libertarian minded movements-parties, an important occasion to meet in an international meeting all free market organizations, the classic liberals, the minarchists, the objectivists, the liberists, the anarcho-capitalists, the libertarians movements and political parties in the world, for a serious debate about real problems that affecting the world today in a libertarian freedom perspective.
 
The conference will provide the partecipants with the opportunity to:
 
* Explain the initiatives undertaken in the Country of origin to promote the libertarian phylosophy and free market option for achieve the goals of Congress.<ref name="congress">Interlibertarians. [http://web.mac.com/rcortonesi/INTERLIB/Sito/Welcome.html ''Welcome section''] of [http://www.interlibertarians.org/ Interlibertarians] official site</ref>
 
* Meet and exchange experiences with others libertarians persons and groups, create a platform for exchange and communication between the libertarian and free market organizations in the world.<ref name="congress" />
 
* Discuss and agree the implementation of practical common actions, on worldwide level for the achievement  of one or more of the fundamental goals of Congress.<ref name="congress" />
 
For more information about the event is available the following new website [http://www.interlibertarians.org/ Interlibertarians.org] dedicated to the First International Libertarian Congress.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5125:interlibertarians-da-oggi-il-sito-in-5-lingue-e-in-funzione&catid=1:latest-news#yvComment5125 ''Interlibertarians, from today the site is in 5 languages!''] by Leonardo Facco. Retrived on May 4, 2010.</ref>
 
To release its membership and to request more information to organizers, there is this official email address of the event: contact@interlibertarians.org (put as email subject: "Interlibertarians").
 
=====Congress objectives=====
 
The invitation and the collaboration to help to organize the First International Libertarians Congress in Switzerland is open to all world parties, associations and movements sharing the following fundamental goals
 
* Defence of private property from attacks by ruling statalism run by both right- and left-wing constructivists<ref name="congress" />
 
* Defence of freedom of entrepreneurship, against over-regulations which imprison human talents<ref name="congress" />
 
* Defence of free trade, against protectionism, custom tarriffs and duties<ref name="congress" />
 
* Defence of tax competition, in  favour of a future society, once and for all free from taxes, founded on the grounds of subsidiarity, the voluntary sector, free associationism, responsibility and civic concord<ref name="congress" />
 
* Defence of the value of saving, against the monopolizers of money<ref name="congress" />
 
* Defence of freedom of education, as to make our children free from institutional serfdom inculcated by state school<ref name="congress" />
 
* Defence of freedom of insurance, as to repeal the state provision of health care, unemployment, accidents insurance and pensions<ref name="congress" />
 
== Curiosity ==
 
In 2009, [[Enrico Montesano]] a famous and popular Italian actor has joined the Movimento Libertario and supports the Giorgio Fidenato's battle in favor of the abolition of withholding tax.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4185%3Ail-masaniello-delle-liberta-qimpossibiliq&catid=1%3Alatest-news&Itemid=1 ''The Masaniello of "impossible" freedom''] ''Il Secolo d'Italia'', by Daniele Priori. Retrived on February 17, 2010. Archived from [http://www.movimentolibertario.it/ http://www.movimentolibertario.it/]</ref>
 
Montesano as libertarian person is against the F.U.S. (Single Fund for the Performing Arts) allocated by the government to finance the Italian theater and film.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/images/ml/ifoglidienclave/Enclave11.pdf ''Montesano, the libertarian''] ''I fogli di Enclave'' n°11 by Franco Possenti, page 1,4. Retrived on February 2010. Archived from [http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59 http://www.movimentolibertario.it/]</ref>
 
He supports that: ''"The work of an artist is judged at the box office and is the public that decides."''<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3434&catid=1%3Alatest-news&Itemid=1 ''And Montesano sings the libertarians Rap!''] ''Il Secolo d'Italia'' by Daniele Priori. Retrived on October 10, 2009. Archived from [http://www.movimentolibertario.it/ http://www.movimentolibertario.it/]</ref><ref>[http://www.nereovilla.it/091104-secoloditalia-montesano_libertario.pdf ''And Montesano sings the libertarians Rap!''] ''Il Secolo d'Italia'' by Daniele Priori, page 16. Retrived on November 4, 2009. Archived from [http://www.nereovilla.it http://www.nereovilla.it]</ref>
 
==See also==
 
* [[Anti-Federalism]]
* [[Anti-statism]]
* [[Capitalism]]
* [[Classic Liberalism]]
* [[Euroscepticism]]
* [[Free Market]]
* [[Individualism]]
* [[Lasseiz-faire]]
* [[Liberism]]
* [[Minarchism]]
* [[Non-interventionism]]
* [[Non-Violence]]
* [[Non-voting]]
* [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Objectivism]]
* [[Voluntaryism]]
 
{{Template group
|list =
{{Anarchism}}
{{Anarcho-capitalism}}
{{Austrian economists}}
{{Liberalism}}
{{Libertarianism}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{reflist}}
{{reflist}}


==External links==
==External Links==
* [http://www.movimentolibertario.it/ Official Italian website of the Movimento Libertario]
* [http://www.movimentolibertario.com/ Official website]
*  [http://www.youtube.com/user/Leonardofaccoeditore/ YouTube Channel of the ML]
*  [http://www.justin.tv/movimentolibertario ML Channel on Justin.tv] Web Television channel of the ML for conferences, public activities and debates.
*  [http://www.leonardofaccoeditore.com/ Leonardo Facco Editore] site of publishing house of the Movimento Libertario
*  [http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59 ''I Fogli di Enclave''] bimonthly free magazine of the ML
 
{{Italian political parties in 2007}}
 
[[Category:Eurosceptic parties]]
[[Category:Euroscepticism in Italy]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Italy]]
[[Category:Libertarian parties]]
[[Category:Libertarianism in Italy]]
[[Category:Nonviolent resistance movements]]
[[Category:Objectivist organizations]]
[[Category:Political movements in Italy]]
[[Category:Political parties in Italy]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2007]]


[[it:Movimento Libertario]]
{{Wikipedia-CC}}
[[Category:National Libertarian Parties]]

Latest revision as of 06:34, 8 September 2022

Libertarian Movement
Contact
Website: [www.movimentolibertario.com Website]
Social Media

The Libertarian Movement , ML) is a political party in Italy which espouses a typically libertarian platform, namely minimal regulation of society, free markets, strong defense of natural rights of liberty and property, non-interventionism in foreign policy and laissez-faire freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries. Its founders are Leonardo Facco and Giorgio Fidenato. Fidenato left the movement on April 15, 2020 after a dispute arose from Fidenato's endorsement of the Covid related policies by the Italian government.[1] The party has as its symbol two black hands shaking and a yellow background in reference to its membership in the anarcho-capitalist.

ML was started as a cultural association on 24 September 2005 in Treviglio with the writing of the Manifesto and Constitution of the Libertarian Movement by Facco. Two years after, ML was transformed into a party by Facco, Fidenato and Marcello Mazzilli. The party's goal is to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong free market system.[2] The party has its registered office in the municipality of Pordenone.

The party supports both the Padanian and the Venetian independence movements.[3][4] Among other things, Facco is editor of the pro-independence and libertarian online newspaper L'Indipendenza.[5] Both Facco (who has been a leader of the libertarian faction within Lega Nord in the 1990s) and Fidenato have participated in events and demonstrations organized by separatist parties as the Padanian Union,[6] the Alpine Padanian Union[7] and Veneto State.[8][9] In November 2011, Facco proposed the creation of an Independentist Libertarian Movement (MLI) which would support all the separatist movements and parties active around Italy.[10] In the run-up of a conference of free independentists organized by L'Indipendenza,[11] Fidenato, who had been long in favour of the dissolution of Italy, endorsed the proposal.[12][13] The party has as its symbol a round disk with a yellow-gold background in reference to the gold standard and also to its membership in the anarcho-capitalist movement.

ML was started as a cultural association on 24 September 2005 in Treviglio with the writing of the Manifesto and Constitution of the Libertarian Movement by Leonardo Facco. Two years after, ML was transformed into a party by Leonardo Facco, Giorgio Fidenato and Marcello Mazzilli. The party's goal is to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong free market system.[14] The party has its registered office in the Municipality of Pordenone.

The party supports both the Padanian and the Venetian independence movements.[15][16] Among other things, Facco is editor of the pro-independence and libertarian online newspaper L'Indipendenza.[17] Both Facco, who has been a leader of the libertarian faction within Lega Nord in the 1990s, and Fidenato have participated in events and demonstrations organized by separatist parties as the Padanian Union,[18] the Alpine Padanian Union,[19] Veneto State.[20][21]

In November 2011 Facco proposed the creation of an Independentist Libertarian Movement (MLI), which would support all the separatist movements and parties active around Italy.[22] In the run-up of a conference of free independentists organized by L'Indipendenza,[23] Fidenato, who had been long in favour of the dissolution of Italy, endorsed the proposal.[24][25]


Ideology

ML takes inspiration from the classical liberalism of John Locke and the Founding Fathers of the United States conjugated to the 19th-century American individualist anarchist strand of Benjamin Tucker, Henry David Thoreau and Lysander Spooner.[26] On the economy, ML takes inspiration from the Austrian School and the theoretic formulation of philosopher and economist Murray Rothbard. The actions in favor of tax resistance, free entrepreneurship and political non-voting also recall the agorist reflections by Samuel Edward Konkin III, although ML does not officially identify itself in programmatic positions and spectrum of the American left-libertarians. ML also includes some aspects from the American model of liberty (minarchism) theorized by Robert Nozick and the Objectivism philosophy described in novels by Ayn Rand. ML refers to freedom of association of the anarchist federalism, anarcho-capitalist free market society and to the Jeffersonian limited government of classical liberalism.

ML holds an anti-federalist stance on European integration. It is against the transformation of the European Union into a federation, preferring the voluntary accession and the unanimity of a confederation. The term _federalism_ as it is used by ML means decentralization and fiscal federalism as opposed to the Italian highly centralized state. Party icons include Ferdinando Galiani, Cesare Beccaria, Filippo Mazzei, Emerico Amari, Carlo Cattaneo, Gaetano Mosca, Vilfredo Pareto, Luigi Einaudi, Bruno Leoni and Gianfranco Miglio. Despite being officially a party, ML has spoken in favor of non-voting.[27] A party slogan says: "Neither right nor left, nor centrist. Simply free is better".

Political Actions

Battle to Sow GMO Maize

Giorgio Fidenato and ML favor the free cultivation and commercialization of GMO seeds and food. They support no limits to GMOs in Italy, consumer freedom to choose their own products and freedom of private scientific research as long as it respect the natural human rights and it does not use public money.

In this respect, Fidenato and his Federated Farmers (Agricoltori Federati) were subjected to threats and acts of violent vandalism in their headquarters by an anti-globalization and environmentalist group for their position on GMO maize.[28][29][30][31] The Italian Radicals referred in Parliament on the issue.[32]

Publications

Through his Leonardo Facco Editore publishing house, Facco issues two magazines: Enclave and I Fogli di Enclave. The Scientific Committee of Enclave includes Walter Block, David Friedman, Hans-Hermann Hoppe, John Hospers, Antonio Martino, Pierre Lemieux, Tibor Machan, Jan Narveson, Wendy McElroy, Ralph Raico, Robert Sirico and Thomas Szasz.[33]


Spectrum Internal Libertarianism

The Movimento Libertario is formally neutral as libertarian ideology, with an anarcho-capitalist vision, a voluntaryist organization and an agorist practices as characteristics.

Unlike the United States, in Italy and in the Movimento Libertario there are not internal controversies among the identity of libertarian term between libertarians members or a clear distinction between the right libertarian](paleolibertarian and libertarian conservatives) members and left libertarians (the latter understood in their sense of American left libertarians Rothbardian like agorist, panarchist not to the European libertarian socialists) because the libertarian schools no presents so significant differences in their common anti-state vision.

Moreover, these libertarian schools are not rooted in Italy if not with some representative members in the Movimento Libertario.

The Movimento Libertario considers crucial to encourage what is common and unites all the various libertarian orientations, seeking to promote the protection of private property, free market and the natural law through actions and non-violent and peaceful means.

Structure and Membership

The bodies of internal administration include the Managing Director, Board of Directors (B.o. D.), Assembly of Members (Meeting of Shareholders), Groups of Territorial Association (clans)[34], Board of Auditors, and the Enclave of Essays.

The Statute of the Movimento Libertario describes and regulates all bodies of internal administration and their function.

Leonardo Facco co-founder of the Association, represents from 2007 till 2011 (in according to the statute and to the internal democracy of members of Association) the role of Managing Director of the Movimento Libertario.

He represents the Movimento Libertario in their official activity.

The Movimento Libertario is organized by a system of free participation of shareholders, registered members, and sympathizers on the Italian territory.[35][36]

Any adult who registers and pays a participation fee becomes a shareholder member of the movement and therefore acquired the right to vote and actively participate to the meetings of internal bodies.

Minors, even if authorized by a single parent, may be enrolled only as members sympathizers with no rights to vote.


Principles

In its party's constitution, ML acknowledges the following libertarian principles:

  • Freedom understood as the absence of constraint is a natural right of the individual, which nobody (private or public organization) must threaten.
  • The government in its various variants forces people to obey blindly and accept legislation invasive and oppressive monopoly.
  • Everyone has the right to seek their own happiness and that of his loved ones, taking responsibility for their actions.
  • Each individual is entitled organize in freedom themselves to protect their lives and their belongings, particularly given the enormous difficulties posed by the power of politicians at all levels.
  • The need to eliminate and reduce the state, politicians and bureaucracies in the everyday life, increasingly recognizing the dignity of all people working really, producing their own resources and possessions.
  • Property is a natural and inalienable right of man, primarily the property of themselves, of the own bodies and of one's life.


Cultural Association

As a cultural association, ML aims at promoting anarchism in Italy. The association's motto is "Everyone is free to do what he thinks is right for himself, without attacking anyone, and without attacking the property rights of others". As such, the group organizes meetings, debates and conferences and issues publications.


References

  1. ↑ "Fidenato Ha Lasciato Il Movimento: Dimissioni Annunciate Ad Aprile". 1 October 2020. https://www.movimentolibertario.com/2020/10/dimissioni-fidenato/. 
  2. ↑ "The libertarian way to happiness", L'Opinione, by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.
  3. ↑ "Facco: "Per l'Indipendenza Servono Azioni Forti, non Consulte"". 30 November 2012. http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/11/facco-per-lindipendenza-servono-azioni-forti-non-consulte/. 
  4. ↑ "Il Nord Est che vuole separarsi si raduna a Jesolo". 22 May 2012. http://www.anordestdiche.com/il-nord-est-che-vuole-separarsi-si-raduna-a-jesolo/. 
  5. ↑ "Chi Siamo | L'Indipendenza". http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/. 
  6. ↑ "Ultime Notizie Online | Agenzia Giornalistica Italia | AGI". http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine. 
  7. ↑ "Unione Padania Alpina: assalto al grano padano | Bergamo.Info giornale d'opinione a Bergamo". http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/. 
  8. ↑ "Veneto: Monumento All'Evasore Fiscale | Movimento Libertario". http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/. 
  9. ↑ "«Italia al collasso Portiamo in Slovenia i nostri risparmi» – Cronaca – Messaggero Veneto". http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796. 
  10. ↑ "Indipendentisti e Libertari". 16 November 2011. http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/11/16/indipendentisti-e-libertari/. 
  11. ↑ "Confederazione Liberi Indipentisti: Una Proposta | L'Indipendenza". http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/. 
  12. ↑ "Libertari Ed Indipendentisti, Una Scelta Di Liberta | L'Indipendenza". http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista/. 
  13. ↑ "Disponibili a Partecipare Alla Conferenza Indipendentista". 13 February 2012. http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/02/13/disponibili-a-partecipare-alla-conferenza-indipendentista/. 
  14. ↑ The libertarian way to happiness L'Opinione, by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.
  15. ↑ http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/11/facco-per-lindipendenza-servono-azioni-forti-non-consulte/
  16. ↑ http://www.anordestdiche.com/il-nord-est-che-vuole-separarsi-si-raduna-a-jesolo/
  17. ↑ http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/
  18. ↑ http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine
  19. ↑ http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/
  20. ↑ http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/
  21. ↑ http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796
  22. ↑ http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/11/16/indipendentisti-e-libertari/
  23. ↑ http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/
  24. ↑ http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista/
  25. ↑ http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/02/13/disponibili-a-partecipare-alla-conferenza-indipendentista/
  26. ↑ The political theory of libertarian political, cultural and economic references of the Movimento Libertario
  27. ↑ "Classic liberals at the polls: what to do?" L'Opinione, by Gustavo Cevolani. Retrieved on April 10, 2008.
  28. ↑ "Video about violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers".
  29. ↑ "GMO: FVG, opponents bursts within Federated Farmers", Agi News Retrieved on April 30, 2010.
  30. ↑ "GMO maize, war breaks out of the seed", Il Giornale, by Fausto Biloslavo. Retrieved on May 1, 2010.
  31. ↑ "TG5 tv service on Fidenato and the Movimento Libertario first sowing GMO in Italy" Retrieved on May 1, 2010. In the tv service the violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers.
  32. ↑ "Assembly Reports", Annex B Seat N°316, May 4, 2010. Italian parliamentary question of the Italian Radicals to the Italian minister of the Interior and to his colleague to the Italian Agriculture. Archived from camera.it.
  33. ↑ "Best Slot Game On Bovada – leonardofaccoeditore.com". https://leonardofaccoeditore.com/online-casino-free-bet/. 
  34. ↑ Movimento Libertario Clan libertarians Italian map of the presence of local clan supporters ML.
  35. ↑ Membership 2010!. We count on you! Retrived on December 31, 2009.
  36. ↑ Libertarians are not born, they become! by Board of Directors of the Movimento Libertario. Retrived on May 23, 2010.

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