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{{About||the Libertarian Movement|Libertarian movement in the United States|the Movimiento Libertario political party of Costa Rica,|Movimiento Libertario|the traditional Italian Anarchism|Anarchism in Italy}}
{{Infobox Organization
 
| name = Libertarian Movement
{{pp-semi-sock|small=yes}}
| native_name = Movimento Libertario
 
| logo =
{{Expert-subject-multiple|Political parties|Italy|date=January 2010}}
| logo_size = 200px
{{Infobox political party
| colorcode = Gold
|name          = Movimento Libertario
| leader = [[Leonardo Facco]]
|logo         = [[File:Movimento Libertario (Italy) Logo .gif|200px]]
| leader2_title =
|colorcode     = gold
| leader2_name =
|colors        = [[Yellow]] or [[Gold (color)|gold]]
| foundation = 24 September 2005 (launched as cultural movement)<br />September 2007 (founded as political movement-party)
|leader        = Leonardo Facco
| ideology = [[Anarcho-capitalism]]<br />[[Anti-federalism]]<br />[[Economic liberalism]]<br />[[Euroscepticism]]<br />[[Non-interventionism]]
|leader2_title = Coordinator
| headquarters = Via Lino Zanussi 3, 33170 [[Pordenone]]
|leader2_name = [[Giorgio Fidenato]]
| european =
|spokesperson  =  
| international = [[International Alliance of Libertarian Parties]]<br />Interlibertarians
|foundation   = {{Start date|September 24, 2005 (launched as cultural movement)<br /> September 2007 (founded as political movement-party)}}
| colors = {{color box|gold}} [[Gold (color)|Gold]]
|newspaper    = ''[http://www.leonardofaccoeditore.com/enclave/index.htm ''Enclave'']'', ''[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=59 ''I Fogli di Enclave'']''
| website = [https://www.movimentolibertario.com/ www.movimentolibertario.com]
|ideology     = [[agorism]], [[anarcho-capitalism]], [[anti-federalism]], [[anti-statism]], [[classical liberalism]], [[euroscepticism]], [[free market]], [[Individualism]], [[laissez-faire]], [[liberism]], [[libertarianism]], [[minarchism]], [[non-interventionism]], [[non-violence]], [[non-voting]], [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|objectivism]], [[voluntaryism]]
| country = Italy
|headquarters = Via Lino Zanussi 3, 33170 [[Pordenone]]
|international = [http://www.interlibertarians.org/ Interlibertarians]
|european      = None
|website       = http://www.movimentolibertario.com/
|country       = Italy
}}
}}
The '''Libertarian Movement''' , '''ML''') is a political party in Italy which espouses a typically libertarian platform, namely minimal regulation of society, free markets, strong defense of natural rights of liberty and property, [[non-interventionism]] in foreign policy and ''[[laissez-faire]]'' freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries. Its founders are [[Wikipedia:Leonardo Facco|Leonardo Facco]] and [[Wikipedia:Giorgio Fidenato|Giorgio Fidenato]]. Fidenato left the movement on April 15, 2020 after a dispute arose from Fidenato's endorsement of the Covid related policies by the Italian government.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.movimentolibertario.com/2020/10/dimissioni-fidenato/|title=Fidenato Ha Lasciato Il Movimento: Dimissioni Annunciate Ad Aprile|access-date=31 March 2021|date=1 October 2020}}</ref> The party has as its symbol two black hands shaking and a yellow background in reference to its membership in the anarcho-capitalist.


The term '''Movimento Libertario''' ({{lang-en|Libertarian Movement}}) refers to a political party and a cultural movement organisation based in Italy characterized by a [[libertarianism]] cultural and [[political platform]]: minimal regulation of Italian society, [[liberism]] of the markets, strong defense of natural rights of liberty and property, [[non-interventionism]] in foreign policy, and [[laissez-faire]] freedom of trade and travel to all foreign countries.{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}
ML was started as a cultural association on 24 September 2005 in Treviglio with the writing of the ''Manifesto and Constitution of the Libertarian Movement'' by Facco. Two years after, ML was transformed into a party by Facco, Fidenato and Marcello Mazzilli. The party's goal is to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong [[free market]] system.<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=61183 "The libertarian way to happiness"], ''L'Opinione'', by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.</ref> The party has its registered office in the municipality of Pordenone.


==History==
The party supports both the Padanian and the Venetian independence movements.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/11/facco-per-lindipendenza-servono-azioni-forti-non-consulte/|title = Facco: "Per l'Indipendenza Servono Azioni Forti, non Consulte"|date = 30 November 2012}}</ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.anordestdiche.com/il-nord-est-che-vuole-separarsi-si-raduna-a-jesolo/|title = Il Nord Est che vuole separarsi si raduna a Jesolo|date = 22 May 2012}}</ref> Among other things, Facco is editor of the pro-independence and libertarian online newspaper ''L'Indipendenza''.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/ |title=Chi Siamo &#124; L&#039;Indipendenza |access-date=2012-04-05 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409182304/http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/ |archive-date=2012-04-09 }}</ref> Both Facco (who has been a leader of the libertarian faction within [[Wikipedia:Lega Nord|Lega Nord]] in the 1990s) and Fidenato have participated in events and demonstrations organized by separatist parties as the Padanian Union,<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine |title=Ultime Notizie Online &#124; Agenzia Giornalistica Italia &#124; AGI |access-date=2012-01-15 |archive-date=2012-07-18 |archive-url=https://archive.is/20120718005022/http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine |url-status=dead }}</ref> the [[Wikipedia:Alpine Padanian Union|Alpine Padanian Union]]<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/ |title=Unione Padania Alpina: assalto al grano padano {{!}} Bergamo.Info giornale d'opinione a Bergamo |website=www.bergamo.info |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306173252/http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/ |archive-date=2014-03-06}} </ref> and [[Wikipedia:Veneto State|Veneto State]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/ |title=Veneto: Monumento All'Evasore Fiscale {{!}} Movimento Libertario |website=www.movimentolibertario.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120503111330/http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/ |archive-date=2012-05-03}} </ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796 |title=«Italia al collasso Portiamo in Slovenia i nostri risparmi» – Cronaca – Messaggero Veneto |website=messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140306174635/http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796 |archive-date=2014-03-06}} </ref> In November 2011, Facco proposed the creation of an '''Independentist Libertarian Movement''' ('''MLI''') which would support all the separatist movements and parties active around Italy.<ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/11/16/indipendentisti-e-libertari/|title = Indipendentisti e Libertari|date = 16 November 2011}}</ref> In the run-up of a conference of free independentists organized by ''L'Indipendenza'',<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/ |title=Confederazione Liberi Indipentisti: Una Proposta {{!}} L'Indipendenza |website=www.lindipendenza.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120501203449/http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/ |archive-date=2012-05-01}} </ref> Fidenato, who had been long in favour of the dissolution of Italy, endorsed the proposal.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista/ |title=Libertari Ed Indipendentisti, Una Scelta Di Liberta {{!}} L'Indipendenza |website=www.lindipendenza.com |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120520033448/http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista |archive-date=2012-05-20}} </ref><ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/02/13/disponibili-a-partecipare-alla-conferenza-indipendentista/|title = Disponibili a Partecipare Alla Conferenza Indipendentista|date = 13 February 2012}}</ref>  The party has as its symbol a round disk with a yellow-gold background in reference to the [[gold standard]] and also to its membership in the anarcho-capitalist movement.


The Movimento Libertario was originally an Italian cultural association for the dissemination of [[libertarianism]]. It began on September 24, 2005, in [[Treviglio]] with the writing of the "''Manifesto and Constitution of the Movimento Libertario''" by Leonardo Facco. The Movimento Libertario became also an Italian political subject when it was officially founded in September 2007 by [[Leonardo Facco]], [[Giorgio Fidenato]] and Marcello Mazzilli,<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=61183 ''The libertarian way to happiness''] ''L'Opinione'', by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.</ref>{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}} to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong liberist system of [[free market]], against any kind of aggression and/or coercion. The Association has its registered office in the Municipality of [[Pordenone]].
ML was started as a cultural association on 24 September 2005 in [[Wikipedia:Treviglio|Treviglio]] with the writing of the ''Manifesto and Constitution of the Libertarian Movement'' by Leonardo Facco. Two years after, ML was transformed into a party by Leonardo Facco, Giorgio Fidenato and Marcello Mazzilli. The party's goal is to defend life, liberty and property of each individual within a strong free market system.<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=14&art=61183 ''The libertarian way to happiness''] ''L'Opinione'', by Elisa Borghi. Retrieved on May 18, 2007. Interview to Marcello Mazzilli spokesman of the Movimento Libertario.</ref> The party has its registered office in the Municipality of Pordenone.


The Movimento Libertario has as its symbol a round disk with a yellow-gold background in reference to the [[gold standard]] and also to its membership in the [[anarcho-capitalist]] movement. The symbol is part of the assets of the association.
The party supports both the [[Wikipedia:Padanian nationalism|Padanian]] and the [[Wikipedia:Venetian nationalism|Venetian]] independence movements.<ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/11/facco-per-lindipendenza-servono-azioni-forti-non-consulte/</ref><ref>http://www.anordestdiche.com/il-nord-est-che-vuole-separarsi-si-raduna-a-jesolo/</ref> Among other things, Facco is editor of the pro-independence and libertarian online newspaper ''L'Indipendenza''.<ref>http://www.lindipendenza.com/chi-siamo/</ref> Both Facco, who has been a leader of the libertarian faction within [[Wikipedia:Lega Nord|Lega Nord]] in the 1990s, and Fidenato have participated in events and demonstrations organized by separatist parties as the Padanian Union,<ref>http://www.agi.it/milano/notizie/201111261845-pol-rmi0053-unione_padana_lega_ha_fallito_autonomia_comunita_padano_alpine</ref> the Alpine Padanian Union,<ref>http://www.bergamo.info/politica/politica-locale/assalto-al-grano-padano/</ref> Veneto State.<ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/09/02/veneto-monumento-allevasore-fiscale/</ref><ref>http://messaggeroveneto.gelocal.it/cronaca/2011/09/28/news/italia-al-collasso-portiamo-in-slovenia-i-nostri-risparmi-1.842796</ref>


The term ''movimento libertario'' in Italian language has a dual meaning.
In November 2011 Facco proposed the creation of an '''Independentist Libertarian Movement''' (MLI), which would support all the separatist movements and parties active around Italy.<ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2011/11/16/indipendentisti-e-libertari/</ref> In the run-up of a conference of free independentists organized by ''L'Indipendenza'',<ref>http://www.lindipendenza.com/confederazione-liberi-indipendentisti-una-proposta/</ref> Fidenato, who had been long in favour of the dissolution of Italy, endorsed the proposal.<ref>http://www.lindipendenza.com/movimento-libertario-indipendentista/</ref><ref>http://www.movimentolibertario.com/2012/02/13/disponibili-a-partecipare-alla-conferenza-indipendentista/</ref>
Historically, it first generally refers to the [[Italian anarchism]] and European [[anarchist]] movements (''libertarism'') with  [[social anarchist]] inspirations.<ref>{{Cite book| last = Woodcock | first = George | title = L'anarchia: storia delle idee e dei movimenti libertari | publisher = Feltrinelli Editore | location = Milano | year = 1966}}</ref> The anarchist socialist tradition uses the term "libertarism" to describe themselves and their ideas since 1857. The French [[Anarchist communism|anarchist communist]] [[Joseph Déjacque]] employed the term ''libertario'' in a political sense in an open letter criticizing [[Pierre-Joseph Proudhon]].<ref name="Graham">''[[Anarchism: A Documentary History of Libertarian Ideas]] - Volume One: From Anarchy to Anarchism (300CE-1939)]'', ed. [[Robert Graham (historian)|Robert Graham]]; includes English translations of Joseph Dejacque's 1857 letter to Proudhon.</ref><ref name="dejacque">[http://joseph.dejacque.free.fr/ecrits/lettreapjp.htm "De l'être-humain mâle et femelle–Lettre à P.J. Proudhon par Joseph Déjacque"] (in [[French language|French]])</ref>


Italian libertarians of the Movimento Libertario use the Italian anarchic term ''libertario'' not to refer to European ideas and methods of traditional anarchism, but to refer to the concepts of principles of [[market liberalism]], introduced in Italy by [[Bruno Leoni]]. They want also to remark and increase the cultural distance from Italian and European conception of [[liberalism]], that in the 20th century appeared as [[democratic liberalism]] forms of statism. Italian libertarians of the ML often prefer to define themselves as libertarians ''libertari'' but with adjective connotative of anarcho-capitalists, to distinguish themselves as pro-market supporters from the libertarians socialists or the traditional anarchists.


Traditional and collectivists Italian anarchists, they judge the ML as not a real anarchist movement, but they think that rather is a ploy of the classic liberal elite and middle class to increase social inequality. They also consider that the term ''libertario'' or at least inappropriate for the nature of the movement within the Italian historical context.<ref>Norman P. Barry, ''Del liberalismo classico e del libertarianismo'', ELiDiR , Roma, 1993</ref>
==Ideology==
ML takes inspiration from the classical liberalism of [[John Locke]] and the Founding Fathers of the United States conjugated to the 19th-century American individualist anarchist strand of [[Benjamin Tucker]], [[Henry David Thoreau]] and [[Lysander Spooner]].<ref name="theory">[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=55 ''The political theory of libertarian''] political, cultural and economic references of the Movimento Libertario</ref> On the economy, ML takes inspiration from the [[Austrian School]] and the theoretic formulation of philosopher and economist [[Murray Rothbard]]. The actions in favor of tax resistance, free entrepreneurship and political non-voting also recall the agorist reflections by [[Samuel Edward Konkin III]], although ML does not officially identify itself in programmatic positions and spectrum of the American left-libertarians. ML also includes some aspects from the American model of liberty ([[minarchism]]) theorized by [[Robert Nozick]] and the [[Objectivism]] philosophy described in novels by [[Ayn Rand]]. ML refers to freedom of association of the anarchist federalism, anarcho-capitalist free market society and to the Jeffersonian limited government of classical liberalism.


==Cultural association==
ML holds an anti-federalist stance on European integration. It is against the transformation of the European Union into a federation, preferring the voluntary accession and the unanimity of a confederation. The term _federalism_ as it is used by ML means decentralization and fiscal federalism as opposed to the Italian highly centralized state. Party icons include [[Wikipedia:Ferdinando Galiani|Ferdinando Galiani]], [[Wikipedia:Cesare Beccaria|Cesare Beccaria]], [[Wikipedia:Filippo Mazzei|Filippo Mazzei]], [[Wikipedia:Emerico Amari|Emerico Amari]], [[Wikipedia:Carlo Cattaneo|Carlo Cattaneo]], [[Wikipedia:Gaetano Mosca|Gaetano Mosca]], [[Wikipedia:Vilfredo Pareto|Vilfredo Pareto]], [[Wikipedia:Luigi Einaudi|Luigi Einaudi]], [[Wikipedia:Bruno Leoni|Bruno Leoni]] and [[Wikipedia:Gianfranco Miglio|Gianfranco Miglio]]. Despite being officially a party, ML has spoken in favor of non-voting.<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=10&art=70685 "Classic liberals at the polls: what to do?"] ''L'Opinione'', by Gustavo Cevolani. Retrieved on April 10, 2008.</ref> A party slogan says: "Neither right nor left, nor centrist. Simply free is better".
The Movimento Libertario, as cultural association intends to be an Italian promoter of the spread of [[classical liberalism]] and libertarian vision in policy, [[free market]] and [[economic liberalism]] in economy.Their motto is: "''Everyone is free to do what he thinks is right for himself, without attacking anyone, and without attacking the property rights of others''".The movement's members believe that policy is especially spread of freedom as [[economic freedom]] culture: meetings, debates, on the web, and with conferences and publications {{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}


===Inspiration===
==Political Actions==
The Movimento Libertario is politically inspired by the classical liberalism of [[John Locke]] and the [[Founding Fathers of the United States]] conjugated to 19th-century [[Individualist anarchism in the United States|American individualist anarchist]] strand of [[Benjamin Tucker]], [[Henry David Thoreau]] and [[Lysander Spooner]].<ref>Paolo Zanotto, [http://www.unisi.it/ricerca/dip/gips/document/monografie/mon_02.pdf ''Il Movimento Libertario americano dagli anni sessanta ad oggi: radici storico-dottrinali e discriminanti ideologico-politiche''], Siena, Università degli Studi di Siena, 2001. Archived from [http://www.unisi.it http://www.unisi.it]</ref><ref name="theory">[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=49&Itemid=55 ''The political theory of libertarian''] political, cultural and economic references of the Movimento Libertario</ref>
<!-- ===Against the Withholding Tax===
{{for|the party's battle against the withholding tax|Giorgio Fidenato#Against the withholding tax}} -->


In economy it is inspired on lessons of the [[Austrian school]] and in particular to the theoretic formulation of the philosopher and economist libertarian anarcho-capitalist Murray N. Rothbard.<ref name="austrian">[http://www.opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=2&art=50649 ''The legacy of the Austrian School''] ''l'Opinione'', by William Longhi. Retrieved on April 29, 2004.</ref>
===Battle to Sow GMO Maize===
The actions in favor of tax resistance, free entrepreneurship and political non-voting also recall the agorist reflections by [[Samuel Edward Konkin III]] although the Movimento Libertario does not officially identify itself in programmatic positions and spectrum of the American left-libertarians.
<!-- {{for|the party's stance on the right to sow GMO maize|Giorgio Fidenato#The right to sow GMO maize}} -->
Giorgio Fidenato and ML favor the free cultivation and commercialization of GMO seeds and food. They support no limits to GMOs in Italy, consumer freedom to choose their own products and freedom of private scientific research as long as it respect the natural human rights and it does not use public money.


Movimento Libertario also includes some aspects from the American model of liberty theorized by [[Robert Nozick]] ([[minarchism]]) and the [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Objectivism]] philosophy described in novels by [[Ayn Rand]]. The Movimento Libertario refers to [[freedom of association]] of the anarchic federalism, anarcho-capitalist free market society and to the Jeffersonian limited government of classical liberalism.
In this respect, Fidenato and his Federated Farmers (Agricoltori Federati) were subjected to threats and acts of violent vandalism in their headquarters by an anti-globalization and environmentalist group for their position on GMO maize.<ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y66sP-6e4nY "Video about violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers"].</ref><ref>[http://www.agi.it/trieste/notizie/201004302035-cro-rts1025-ogm_fvg_oppositori_irrompono_in_sede_agricoltori_federati "GMO: FVG, opponents bursts within Federated Farmers"], ''Agi News'' Retrieved on April 30, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/mais_ogm_scoppia_guerra_seme/01-05-2010/articolo-id=442040-page=0-comments=1 "GMO maize, war breaks out of the seed"], ''Il Giornale'', by Fausto Biloslavo. Retrieved on May 1, 2010.</ref><ref>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-U724XcLZDk "TG5 tv service on Fidenato and the Movimento Libertario first sowing GMO in Italy"] Retrieved on May 1, 2010. In the tv service the violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers.</ref> The [[Wikipedia:Italian Radicals|Italian Radicals]] referred in Parliament on the issue.<ref>[http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 "Assembly Reports"], Annex B Seat N°316, May 4, 2010. Italian parliamentary question of the Italian Radicals to the Italian minister of the Interior and to his colleague to the Italian Agriculture. Archived from [http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 camera.it].</ref>
The term "[[federalism]]" as it is used by the Movimento Libertario, in a sense to be in favor of a political of [[decentralization]] and for a real local fiscality against the [[centralism]] of the national Italian State.  


The Movimento Libertario is an [[anti-federalist]] organization about the Europe; it is against the federal European Union government, preferring the voluntary accession and the unanimity of a [[Confederation]].
==Publications==
Historians Italian thinkers of reference for the Movimento Libertario in economy and policy include [[Ferdinando Galiani]], [[Cesare Beccaria]], [[Filippo Mazzei]], [[Emerico Amari]], [[Carlo Cattaneo]], [[Gaetano Mosca]], [[Vilfredo Pareto]], [[Luigi Einaudi]], Bruno Leoni, [[Gianfranco Miglio]].{{Citation needed|date=October 2011}}
Through his ''Leonardo Facco Editore'' publishing house, Facco issues two magazines: ''Enclave'' and ''I Fogli di Enclave''. The Scientific Committee of ''Enclave'' includes [[Walter Block]], [[David Friedman]], [[Hans-Hermann Hoppe]], [[John Hospers]], [[Wikipedia:Antonio Martino|Antonio Martino]], [[Wikipedia:Pierre Lemieux|Pierre Lemieux]], [[Wikipedia:Tibor Machan|Tibor Machan]], [[Wikipedia:Jan Narveson|Jan Narveson]], [[Wendy McElroy]], [[Ralph Raico]], [[Robert Sirico]] and [[Thomas Szasz]].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://leonardofaccoeditore.com/online-casino-free-bet/|title=Best Slot Game On Bovada – leonardofaccoeditore.com}}</ref>


===Publications===
<!-- Leonardo Facco, through his ''Leonardo Facco Editore'' publishing house, issues two magazines: ''Enclave'' and ''I Fogli di Enclave''. The Scientific Committee of ''Enclave'' includes: [[Walter Block]], [[David D. Friedman]], [[Hans Hermann Hoppe]], [[John Hospers]], [[Antonio Martino]], [[Pierre Lemieux]], [[Tibor R. Machan]], [[Jan Narveson]], [[Wendy McElroy]], [[Ralph Raico]], [[Robert Sirico]], [[Thomas S. Szasz]].<ref>http://www.leonardofaccoeditore.com/</ref> [earlier version; please merge] -->
The Movimento Libertario periodically publish two magazines: ''I Fogli di Enclave'' and the magazine ''Enclave'' which give space to various political issues, cultural, social and economic libertarians Italian and international.{{Citation needed||date=October 2011}}In Scientific Committee of ''Enclave'' magazine belong: [[Walter Block]], [[David D. Friedman]], [[Hans Hermann Hoppe]], [[John Hospers]], [[Antonio Martino]], [[Pierre Lemieux]], [[Tibor R. Machan]], [[Jan Narveson]], [[Wendy McElroy]], [[Ralph Raico]], [[Robert Sirico]], [[Thomas S. Szasz]].


The Movimento Libertario collaborates actively with the members of and their Association (ALT), in cultural and economic free market iniziatives (conferences and publications like ''I Fogli di Enclave'') between libertarians subjects in Italy and Canton Ticino.
===Spectrum Internal Libertarianism===
{{Citation needed||date=October 2011}}
The Movimento Libertario is formally neutral as libertarian ideology, with an anarcho-capitalist vision, a voluntaryist organization and an agorist practices as characteristics.


==Party==
Unlike the United States, in Italy and in the Movimento Libertario there are not internal controversies among the identity of libertarian term between libertarians members or a clear distinction between the right libertarian](paleolibertarian and libertarian conservatives) members and left libertarians (the latter understood in their sense of American left libertarians Rothbardian like agorist, [[panarchist]] not to the European libertarian socialists) because the libertarian schools no presents so significant differences in their common anti-state vision.
[[Image:Nolan-chart.svg|thumb|left|165px|The [[Nolan Chart]], with the traditional left-right [[political spectrum]], as seen by [[David Nolan (Libertarian Party)|David Nolan]], on the dashed diagonal]]


Respecting the historical definition of libertarian, the Movimento Libertario seeks to bring in Italy the same contents of others libertarians parties and movements in the world  but with the agorist practice of [[non-voting]],<ref>[http://opinione.it/articolo.php?arg=10&art=70685 ''Classic liberals at the polls: what to do?''] ''L'Opinione'', by Gustavo Cevolani. Retrieved on April 10, 2008.</ref> thus not directly participating in political Italian elections with the symbol of the Movimento Libertario.
Moreover, these libertarian schools are not rooted in Italy if not with some representative members in the Movimento Libertario.
Although in fact the Movimento Libertario is an officially registered Italian political party{{Citation needed||date=October 2011}}, as [[anti-statist]] movement disclaims the [[Sovereign state|State]] legality and its political elections.


The Movimento Libertario is not classifiable in the political-ideologic traditions of the 20th century present in Italy. Like other libertarians entities in the world, the subject respects the [[political spectrum]] of [[Nolan Chart]]. One of its slogans said: "''Neither right nor left, nor centrist. Simply free is better''".
The Movimento Libertario considers crucial to encourage what is common and unites all the various libertarian orientations, seeking to promote the protection of private property, free market and the natural law through actions and non-violent and peaceful means.


===Principles===
===Structure and Membership===
The Movimento Libertario in its founding act declares and acknowledges libertarian principles as internals to its Statute:
The bodies of internal administration include the Managing Director, Board of Directors (B.o. D.), Assembly of Members (Meeting of Shareholders), Groups of Territorial Association (clans)<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=50&Itemid=57 Movimento Libertario Clan libertarians] Italian map of the presence of local clan supporters ML.</ref>, Board of Auditors, and the Enclave of Essays.


*[[Political freedom|Freedom]], understood as the absence of constraint is a natural right of the individual, which nobody (private or public organization) must threaten;
The Statute of the Movimento Libertario describes and regulates all bodies of internal administration and their function.
* The [[Government]], in its various variants, forces people to obey blindly and accept legislation invasive and oppressive monopoly;
* Everyone has the right to seek their own happiness and that of his loved ones, taking responsibility for their actions;
* Each individual is entitled organize in freedom themselves to protect their lives and their belongings, particularly given the enormous difficulties posed by the power of politicians at all levels;
* The need to eliminate and reduce the state, politicians and bureaucracies in the everyday life, increasingly recognizing the dignity of all people working really, producing their own resources and possessions.
*Property is a natural and inalienable right of man, is primarily the property of themselves, of the own bodies and of one's life.


===Notable political battle===
Leonardo Facco co-founder of the Association, represents from 2007 till 2011 (in according to the statute and to the internal democracy of members of Association) the role of Managing Director of the Movimento Libertario.


He represents the Movimento Libertario in their official activity.


====About the withholding tax====
The Movimento Libertario is organized by a system of free participation of shareholders, registered members, and sympathizers on the Italian territory.<ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=3635:tesseramento-2010-contiamo-su-di-voi&catid=1:latest-news ''Membership 2010!. We count on you!''] Retrived on December 31, 2009.</ref><ref>[http://www.movimentolibertario.it/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5528:libertari-non-si-nasce-si-diventa&catid=1:latest-news  ''Libertarians are not born, they become!''] by Board of Directors of the Movimento Libertario. Retrived on May 23, 2010.</ref>
{{For|the Movimento Libertario against the withholding tax|Giorgio Fidenato#Against the withholding tax}}


====Battle to sow GMO maize====
Any adult who registers and pays a participation fee becomes a shareholder member of the movement and therefore acquired the right to vote and actively participate to the meetings of internal bodies.
{{For|Movimento Libertario and the right to sow GMO maize|Giorgio Fidenato#The right to sow GMO maize}}


The Movimento Libertario favors the free cultivation and the free marketing of seeds and [[GMO]] foods and no limits to GMOs in Italy, consumer freedom to choose their own products, and freedom of private scientific research as long as it respect the natural human rights and it does not use public money.
Minors, even if authorized by a single parent, may be enrolled only as members sympathizers with no rights to vote.
The Movimento Libertario does not support the theory of [[global warming]].


====Violence suffered ====
In April 2010, the Movimento Libertario and its members were subjected to threats and acts of violent vandalism in its headquarters by a Italian [[Anti-globalization movement]] and [[environmentalist]] group about the question of GMO maize.<ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y66sP-6e4nY Video about violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers'']</ref><ref>[http://www.agi.it/trieste/notizie/201004302035-cro-rts1025-ogm_fvg_oppositori_irrompono_in_sede_agricoltori_federati ''GMO: FVG, opponents bursts within Federated Farmers''] ''Agi News'' Retrieved on April 30, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.ilgiornale.it/interni/mais_ogm_scoppia_guerra_seme/01-05-2010/articolo-id=442040-page=0-comments=1 ''GMO maize, war breaks out of the seed''] ''Il Giornale'', by Fausto Biloslavo. Retrieved on May 1, 2010.</ref><ref>[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-U724XcLZDk ''TG5 tv service on Fidenato and the Movimento Libertario first sowing GMO in Italy''] Retrieved on May 1, 2010. In the tv service the violent protests by environmentalists and no-global movements against Italian Federated Farmers.</ref>


Italian Radicals referred in Parliament the threats to person and property that Giorgio Fidenato and Italian Federated Farmers received.<ref>[http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050  ''Assembly Reports''] Annex B Seat N°316, May 4, 2010. Italian parliamentary question of the Italian Radicals to the Italian minister of the Interior and to his colleague to the Italian Agriculture. Archived from [http://www.camera.it/417?idSeduta=316&resoconto=bt13&param=n4-07050#n4-07050 http://www.camera.it]</ref>
==Principles==
Parliamentary questions mentions also that the Italian government still does not recognize the right to sown GMO maize, as determined by decision of the [[Italian Council of State]] and European Community Directive.
In its party's constitution, ML acknowledges the following libertarian principles:
 
* Freedom understood as the absence of constraint is a natural right of the individual, which nobody (private or public organization) must threaten.
==Enrico Montesano==
* The government in its various variants forces people to obey blindly and accept legislation invasive and oppressive monopoly.
 
* Everyone has the right to seek their own happiness and that of his loved ones, taking responsibility for their actions.
In 2009, Italian [[actor]] [[Enrico Montesano]] supports the battle to abolish withholding tax. Montesano is against the subsidies allocated by the government to finance Italian theater and film productions: he supports the proposition that the "work of an artist is judged at the box office and the public decides."<ref>[http://www.nereovilla.it/091104-secoloditalia-montesano_libertario.pdf ''And Montesano sings the libertarians Rap!''] ''Il Secolo d'Italia'' by Daniele Priori, page 16. Retrieved on November 4, 2009. Archived from [http://www.nereovilla.it http://www.nereovilla.it]</ref>
* Each individual is entitled organize in freedom themselves to protect their lives and their belongings, particularly given the enormous difficulties posed by the power of politicians at all levels.
* The need to eliminate and reduce the state, politicians and bureaucracies in the everyday life, increasingly recognizing the dignity of all people working really, producing their own resources and possessions.
* Property is a natural and inalienable right of man, primarily the property of themselves, of the own bodies and of one's life.


==See also==


* [[Agorism]]
==Cultural Association==
* [[Anti-Federalism]]
As a cultural association, ML aims at promoting anarchism in Italy. The association's motto is "Everyone is free to do what he thinks is right for himself, without attacking anyone, and without attacking the property rights of others". As such, the group organizes meetings, debates and conferences and issues publications.
* [[Anti-statism]]
* [[Capitalism]]
* [[Classic Liberalism]]
* [[Euroscepticism]]
* [[Free Market]]
* [[Individualism]]
* [[Lasseiz-faire]]
* [[Liberism]]
* [[Minarchism]]
* [[Non-interventionism]]
* [[Non-Violence]]
* [[Non-voting]]
* [[Objectivism (Ayn Rand)|Objectivism]]
* [[Voluntaryism]]


{{Template group
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|list =
{{Anarchism}}
{{Anarcho-capitalism}}
{{Austrian economists}}
{{Liberalism}}
{{Libertarianism}}
}}


==References==
==References==
{{Reflist|2}}
{{reflist}}
 
==External links==
{{Wiktionary|libertarian}}


* [http://www.movimentolibertario.com/ Official Italian website of the Movimento Libertario]
==External Links==
* [http://www.movimentolibertario.com/ Official website]


[[Category:Eurosceptic parties]]
{{Wikipedia-CC}}
[[Category:Euroscepticism in Italy]]
[[Category:National Libertarian Parties]]
[[Category:Liberal parties in Italy]]
[[Category:Libertarian parties]]
[[Category:Libertarianism in Italy]]
[[Category:Nonviolent resistance movements]]
[[Category:Objectivist organizations]]
[[Category:Political movements in Italy]]
[[Category:Political parties in Italy]]
[[Category:Political parties established in 2007]]
[[Category:2007 establishments in Italy]]
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